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Date: Thu, 20 Oct 2022 13:28:47 +0000 (UTC)
From: INSO_AFG_CENTRAL_SA <sa.central@afg.ngosafety.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Message-ID: <POCoC-9_TqenjcL2QZq7JQ@geopod-ismtpd-3-2>
Subject: INSO REPORT =?UTF-8?B?4oCTIEFGRyDigJM=?= KABUL: Shooting Of NGO
 National Staff Member
To: Mohammad Arif Tabesh <dr.tabesh@jack.ngo>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN' 'http://www.w3.org=
/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'><html><body><head><meta name=3D'viewport'=
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enter><table width=3D"580" style=3D" width: 580px;  border:1px solid #C1C2C=
4; margin: 0 auto; background: #fff; text-align: center; border-collapse: c=
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				This report is for the exclusive use of INSO partners and must not be s=
hared outside your organisation			</td>
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									<div><span style=3D"font-size:24.0pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0=
; padding: 0; font-family:'Arial', sans-serif; color:#5376b6">&nbsp;&nbsp;R=
EPORT</span></div>
									<div><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0=
; padding: 0; font-family:'Arial', sans-serif; color:#182748">&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ATTENTION RECOMMENDED</span></div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">LOCATION=
</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">Afghanistan, Kabul Province, Ka=
bul City, PD 17, Charikar Highway, <a href=3D"https://goo.gl/maps/jM7eNHe7o=
ntBkTxA6">Kotal Khair Khana</a> Area</div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INCIDENT=
 TYPE</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								Shooting								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">DATE & T=
IME</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								11/10/2022 21:00								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INFORMAT=
ION</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
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<p style=3D"text-align: justify;">On 11 October, a group of three armed cri=
minals approached an NGO national staff member and his relative who had jus=
t locked up their privately-operated pharmacy and were leaving for their pr=
ivate residence. The assailants shot and severely wounded the NGO staff mem=
ber and fled the scene.<br /><br />The incident was reportedly connected to=
 a personal dispute related to unverified allegations raised by some member=
s of the surrounding community that the victim engaged in inappropriate int=
imate relationships with female patients at his pharmacy.</p>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ANALYSIS=
</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
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<p style=3D"text-align: justify;">While the exact motive behind the 11 Octo=
ber shooting still remains unclear as of the time of writing, the assailant=
s appear to have waited for and deliberately targeted the victim. Given the=
 high volumes of traffic around the site of the killing along the main Char=
ikar Highway, it is assessed as highly unlikely that the assailants were op=
portunistic criminals roaming the area looking for a valuable target at ran=
dom.<br /><br />In addition to most likely having been specifically targete=
d, the behaviour of the assailants during the incident strongly indicates a=
 non-financial motive. Criminal elements frequently target NGO staff member=
s in robberies due to their assumed relative wealth, with 48 thefts targeti=
ng NGO personnel or assets recorded in Kabul City alone since the IEA takeo=
ver in August 2021. However, during the 11 October incident, the assailants=
 did not take a personal bag that the victim carried at the time, attempt t=
o rob the victim&rsquo;s relative who was also present at the scene, or for=
ce their way into the pharmacy which would have presented them with various=
 other items of value. Furthermore, while assailants&rsquo; use of armed or=
 unarmed violence during robberies or other forms of crime remains a concer=
n, only four of the 48 reported thefts resulted in casualties among NGO sta=
ff members. Most robbers generally avoid an escalation such as witnessed du=
ring the incident in Khair Khana, unless victims offer resistance.<br /><br=
 />Based on the established targeted manner of the killing, combined with t=
he lack of evidence for a financial motive, a personal dispute remains the =
most likely explanation for the killing. Common motives for disputes includ=
e family relations, business competitions, or land ownership. Multiple of t=
hese elements can also overlap, compounding the establishment of a clear mo=
tive. Such private disputes between individuals or families oftentimes esca=
late into violence, spurred on by a ready access to firearms and other weap=
onry in most parts of Afghanistan on one hand, and a lack of access to effe=
ctive legal venues to address disputes. While traditional, community-based =
mechanisms also exist to settle disputes, affected parties may also perceiv=
ed them as biased or ineffective.<br /><br />In the case of the 11 October =
incident, the personal dispute that most likely prompted the killing centre=
d around specific accusation raised from other members of the victim&rsquo;=
s neighbourhood of &ldquo;immoral&rdquo; behaviour by the victim in connect=
ion with the medical services he allegedly provided at his private pharmacy=
 to female clients. In the aftermath of the killing, INSO has not collected=
 any evidence to substantiate these allegations or suggesting any other for=
m of misconduct on the part of the victim.<br /><br />As such, the incident=
 also highlights the risk that perceptions of morally inappropriate relatio=
nships by community members can pose to private individuals providing healt=
hcare services, which also applies to NGOs engaged in related programming. =
Due to frequent direct, physical contact required between healthcare profes=
sionals and patients for diagnoses and necessary procedures, cultural and r=
eligious sensitivities can become especially salient and difficult to navig=
ate for physicians and NGOs delivering such services. This is especially th=
e case in circumstances where a segregation of patients and healthcare prof=
essionals by gender is not feasible or diligently implemented. While increa=
sing transparency, ensuring a close observance of social norms and behaviou=
r rules prevalent in the respective context, and sensitising communities an=
d beneficiaries on the type of medical services offered can work to preempt=
 some of these negative perceptions and bolster local acceptance, a residua=
l risk to NGO staff, assets, and reputation posed remains.</p>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ADVICE</=
div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
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<p style=3D"text-align: justify;">NGOs should encourage staff members to sh=
are any threats made against their person or families in a confidential man=
ner with relevant security focal points.<br /><br />NGOs delivering healthc=
are services should seek to continually sensitise communities in project ar=
eas about the nature of their programming activity and ensure transparency =
over operations. In doing so, transparency should always be balanced agains=
t safeguarding the privacy of beneficiaries and safety of staff members.<br=
 /><br />NGOs should actively monitor community perceptions through multipl=
e trusted local intermediaries in project areas to preempt any suspicions o=
r hostility towards individual staff members or the organisation as a whole=
.<br /><br />When wrongful allegations of misconduct are raised against ind=
ividual staff members or the NGO itself, NGOs should formulate an external =
communication plan within a designated Crisis Management Team (CMT) in orde=
r to identify the most effective response.</p>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ISSUED B=
Y</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">SA Central, Dennis Ikas<br /><b=
r /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;"><a href=3D"mailto:sa.central@afg.ngosaf=
ety.org">sa.central@afg.ngosafety.org</a></div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INSO SER=
IAL #</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								AFGHANISTAN/CENTRAL/R/20102022/#002								</div>
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rial', sans-serif; color:white; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;=
">
				INSO exists to provide dedicated security services to the NGO community=
. As a free service, INSO and its donors or partners, accept no liability w=
hatsoever for claims as may result from the provision or utilisation of the=
se free services. Whilst every effort is made to the verify data, INSO cann=
ot guarantee the accuracy of information provided. Reproduction of INSO inf=
ormation is prohibited.									<br>
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