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Delivery-date: Wed, 14 Sep 2022 07:45:07 -0400
Subject: =?utf-8?Q?Female=20Participation=20in=20the=20Humanitarian=20Response=20in=20Afghanistan=20=28September=202022=29?=
From: =?utf-8?Q?OCHA=20Afghanistan?= <ocha-afghanistan@un.org>
Reply-To: =?utf-8?Q?OCHA=20Afghanistan?= <ocha-afghanistan@un.org>
To: =?utf-8?Q?Abdul=20Malik=20wardak?= <dr.malik@jack.ngo>
Date: Wed, 14 Sep 2022 11:44:24 +0000
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AFGHANISTAN
FEMALE PARTICIPATION IN THE HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE
SEPTEMBER 2022

https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/female-participation-humanitarian=
-action-afghansitan-september-2022

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report shows how participation in the humanitarian response has chang=
ed for national female staff =E2=80=93 in virtually all aspects =E2=80=93=
 since the takeover by the Taliban De-facto Authorities (DfA) in August 20=
21. Already one of the hardest places in the world for women to work=2C th=
eir ability to engage safely=2C meaningfully and comprehensively in humani=
tarian action has become even more challenging over the past 12 months. Am=
id a growing set of restrictions curtailing their basic rights and freedom=
s=2C female humanitarian workers face harassment=2C intimidation and mistr=
eatment on a daily basis =E2=80=93 from the moment they leave their homes=
=2C to the point they return. This includes during their commute to and fr=
om the office=2C when meeting =E2=80=93 if they are allowed =E2=80=93 with=
 the DfA=2C to their experiences in the workplace.

During the consultations with female humanitarian workers=2C they explaine=
d that the varied approach taken to the application of the decrees and dir=
ectives targeting women =E2=80=93 especially the requirement that they be=
 accompanied by a male relative or chaperone (mahram) =E2=80=93 leaves the=
m open to the whims of individuals=2C creating an uncertain and unsafe env=
ironment for them when travelling=2C especially at checkpoints. Both femal=
e and male staff spoke of instances of verbal abuse and threatening behavi=
our by local officials manning checkpoints=2C including for married couple=
s=2C and extending at times to physical violence. The situation is widespr=
ead=2C affecting women in all corners of the country=2C although regional=
 variations do exist. Women spoke in particular of feeling hopeless=2C lef=
t behind and forgotten=2C including by the international community. Men sp=
oke of their female colleagues now posing something of a liability for org=
anizations which made it less likely for them to be employed and=2C if hir=
ed=2C
more likely to be in junior or non-programmatic positions.

Without immediate and decisive action taken on a range of fronts=2C there=
 is a risk that Afghan women will find it even harder to participate in hu=
manitarian action in Afghanistan=2C with potentially devastating consequen=
ces for female beneficiaries who depend on their involvement to be able to=
 access life-saving assistance and services.

Key findings include:

* From 171 districts across Afghanistan=2C the ability of women to partici=
pate in humanitarian action was found to be low and lower in 88 districts=
 (51 per cent) and high and higher in only 68 (40 per cent).

* Nuristan=2C Badghis and Kunduz provinces were identified as having the w=
orst access for female humanitarian workers=2C compared to Bamyan=2C Herat=
=2C Jawzjan and Samangan provinces which were identified as having the bes=
t.

* The single-biggest factor affecting national female humanitarian worker=
=E2=80=99s ability to engage in the response is what was referred to in on=
e consultation as the =E2=80=98mahram mushkila=E2=80=99 =E2=80=93 a refere=
nce to the decree issued by the de-facto authorities in December 2021 that=
 women must be accompanied by a male guardian or relative when travelling=
 beyond 45 miles (72km).

* The second most pertinent factor affecting national female humanitarian=
 workers is the inconsistent implementation of the different decrees and d=
irectives and the variation in DfA behaviour and treatment towards them.

* The third relates to the strong sentiment =E2=80=93 expressed by female=
 and male national staff alike =E2=80=93 that female humanitarian workers=
 have been increasingly deprioritized or marginalized in the workplace sin=
ce last August.

* The hijab decree=2C while a source of physical discomfort for all=2C was=
 not deemed to have drastically altered female staff's ability to engage i=
n the humanitarian response.

* To address the issues affecting female participation in the humanitarian=
 response=2C the UN and humanitarian organizations=2C DfA and Member State=
s and donors will need to adjust existing policies and practices.

It is urged that:

* The DfA acknowledges the important and unique role that national female=
 staff play in the humanitarian response=2C respect it=2C and therefore re=
frain from introducing measures or impediments that may limit=2C compromis=
e or undermine that involvement.

* Member States and donors continue to advocate with the DfA for the full=
=2C meaningful and safe inclusion of women in the humanitarian response; h=
old their partners accountable to the commitments they have made regarding=
 female national humanitarian workers; and support funding decisions which=
 encourage and enable concrete improvements in their lives and avoid posit=
ioning which may hamper that.

* The UN leadership and humanitarian organizations develop guidelines on h=
ow to cooperate with the DfA on the matter of female participation in the=
 humanitarian response; strengthen reporting systems for female national s=
taff to register concerns about their working environment; increase or cre=
ate dedicated funding opportunities for women=E2=80=99s groups and humanit=
arian and protection programmes targeting women and girls; consider develo=
ping a set of training modules for the DfA which covers a range of issues=
 from basic literacy to education and sensitization that would facilitate=
 the improved participation of female staff in the humanitarian response=
=2C including=2C for example=2C their movement across checkpoints; and use=
 temporary special measures which enable more national female staff to be=
 recruited.

Interactive dashboards:

Internal displacement due to conflict (https://www.humanitarianresponse.in=
fo/en/operations/afghanistan/idps) | Overview of natural disasters (https:=
//www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan/natural-disaster=
s-0) | Humanitarian operational presence (https://www.humanitarianresponse=
=2Einfo/en/operations/afghanistan/3w)

Regular products:

Humanitarian updates (https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/=
afghanistan/documents/document-type/situation-report/organizations/united-=
nations-office-coordination-humanitarian-affairs)  | Humanitarian bulletin=
s (https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan/documen=
ts/document-type/humanitarian-bulletin/organizations/united-nations-office=
-coordination-humanitarian-affairs) | Humanitarian snapshots and dashboard=
s (https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan/infogra=
phics/infographic-type/humanitarian-snapshot/organizations/united-nations-=
office-coordination-humanitarian-affairs/infographic-type/humanitarian-das=
hboard) | Humanitarian programming cycle updates (https://www.humanitarian=
response.info/en/operations/afghanistan/documents/document-type/humanitari=
an-programme-cycle/organizations/united-nations-office-coordination-humani=
tarian-affairs)

On the web:

HumanitarianResponse.info (https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/operation=
s/afghanistan/)  | ReliefWeb.int (https://reliefweb.int/country/afg) | Fin=
ancial Tracking Service (https://fts.unocha.org/appeals/1031/summary) | Hu=
manitarian Insight (https://hum-insight.info/plan/1031) | Humanitarian Dat=
a Exchange (HDX) (https://data.humdata.org/group/afg)
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                </tbody></table>

            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table><table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"1=
00%" class=3D"mcnImageBlock" style=3D"min-width: 100%;border-collapse: col=
lapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 10=
0%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
    <tbody class=3D"mcnImageBlockOuter">
            <tr>
                <td valign=3D"top" style=3D"padding: 9px;mso-line-height-r=
ule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" c=
lass=3D"mcnImageBlockInner">
                    <table align=3D"left" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cell=
padding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" class=3D"mcnImageContentContainer" style=
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ble-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;=
">
                        <tbody><tr>
                            <td class=3D"mcnImageContent" valign=3D"top" s=
tyle=3D"padding-right: 9px;padding-left: 9px;padding-top: 0;padding-bottom=
: 0;text-align: center;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:=
 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">

</td>
                        </tr>
                    </tbody></table>
                </td>
            </tr>
    </tbody>
</table><table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"1=
00%" class=3D"mcnDividerBlock" style=3D"min-width: 100%;border-collapse: c=
ollapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust:=
 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;table-layout: fixed !important;">
    <tbody class=3D"mcnDividerBlockOuter">
        <tr>
            <td class=3D"mcnDividerBlockInner" style=3D"min-width: 100%;pa=
dding: 10px 18px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;=
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                <table class=3D"mcnDividerContent" border=3D"0" cellpaddin=
g=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%" style=3D"min-width: 100%;border-t=
op: 5px solid #82B5E9;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-=
table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100=
%;">
                    <tbody><tr>
                        <td style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-tex=
t-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                            <span></span>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                </tbody></table>

            </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table><table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"1=
00%" class=3D"mcnTextBlock" style=3D"min-width: 100%;border-collapse: coll=
apse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100=
%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
    <tbody class=3D"mcnTextBlockOuter">
        <tr>
            <td valign=3D"top" class=3D"mcnTextBlockInner" style=3D"paddin=
g-top: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webki=
t-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
              =09
=09=09=09
=09=09=09=09
                <table align=3D"left" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0" style=3D"max-width: 100%;min-width: 100%;border-collapse: col=
lapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 10=
0%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" width=3D"100%" class=3D"mcnTextContent=
Container">
                    <tbody><tr>

<div>EXECUTIVE SUMMARY</div>

</td>
                    </tr>
                </tbody></table>
=09=09=09=09

This report shows how participation in the hum=
anitarian response has changed for national female staff =E2=80=93 in virt=
ually all aspects =E2=80=93 since the takeover by the Taliban De-facto Aut=
horities (DfA) in August 2021. Already one of the hardest places in the wo=
rld for women to work=2C their ability to engage safely=2C meaningfully an=
d comprehensively in humanitarian action has become even more challenging=
 over the past 12 months. Amid a growing set of restrictions curtailing th=
eir basic rights and freedoms=2C female humanitarian workers face harassme=
nt=2C intimidation and mistreatment on a daily basis =E2=80=93 from the mo=
ment they leave their homes=2C to the point they return. This includes dur=
ing their commute to and from the office=2C when meeting =E2=80=93 if they=
 are allowed =E2=80=93 with the DfA=2C to their experiences in the workpla=
ce.&nbsp;<br>
<br>
During the consultations with female humanitarian workers=2C they explaine=
d that the varied approach taken to the application of the decrees and dir=
ectives targeting women =E2=80=93 especially the requirement that they be=
 accompanied by a male relative or chaperone (mahram) =E2=80=93 leaves the=
m open to the whims of individuals=2C creating an uncertain and unsafe env=
ironment for them when travelling=2C especially at checkpoints. Both femal=
e and male staff spoke of instances of verbal abuse and threatening behavi=
our by local officials manning checkpoints=2C including for married couple=
s=2C and extending at times to physical violence. The situation is widespr=
ead=2C affecting women in all corners of the country=2C although regional=
 variations do exist. Women spoke in particular of feeling hopeless=2C lef=
t behind and forgotten=2C including by the international community. Men sp=
oke of their female colleagues now posing something of a liability for org=
anizations which made it less likely for them to be employed and=2C if hir=
ed=2C more likely to be in junior or non-programmatic positions.&nbsp;<br>
<br>
Without immediate and decisive action taken on a range of fronts=2C there=
 is a risk that Afghan women will find it even harder to participate in hu=
manitarian action in Afghanistan=2C with potentially devastating consequen=
ces for female beneficiaries who depend on their involvement to be able to=
 access life-saving assistance and services.&nbsp;<br>
<br>
<strong>Key findings include:&nbsp;</strong>

<ul>
=09<li style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-=
webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">From 171 districts across Afghanistan=2C t=
he ability of women to participate in humanitarian action was found to be=
 low and lower in 88 districts (51 per cent) and high and higher in only 6=
8 (40 per cent).</li>
=09<li style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-=
webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">Nuristan=2C Badghis and Kunduz provinces w=
ere identified as having the worst access for female humanitarian workers=
=2C compared to Bamyan=2C Herat=2C Jawzjan and Samangan provinces which we=
re identified as having the best.</li>
=09<li style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-=
webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The single-biggest factor affecting nation=
al female humanitarian worker=E2=80=99s ability to engage in the response=
 is what was referred to in one consultation as the =E2=80=98mahram mushki=
la=E2=80=99 =E2=80=93 a reference to the decree issued by the de-facto aut=
horities in December 2021 that women must be accompanied by a male guardia=
n or relative when travelling beyond 45 miles (72km).&nbsp;</li>
=09<li style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-=
webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The second most pertinent factor affecting=
 national female humanitarian workers is the inconsistent implementation o=
f the different decrees and directives and the variation in DfA behaviour=
 and treatment towards them.&nbsp;</li>
=09<li style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-=
webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The third relates to the strong sentiment=
 =E2=80=93 expressed by female and male national staff alike =E2=80=93 tha=
t female humanitarian workers have been increasingly deprioritized or marg=
inalized in the workplace since last August.&nbsp;</li>
=09<li style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-=
webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The hijab decree=2C while a source of phys=
ical discomfort for all=2C was not deemed to have drastically altered fema=
le staff's ability to engage in the humanitarian response.&nbsp;</li>
=09<li style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-=
webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">To address the issues affecting female par=
ticipation in the humanitarian response=2C the UN and humanitarian organiz=
ations=2C DfA and Member States and donors will need to adjust existing po=
licies and practices.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<strong>It is urged that:&nbsp;</strong>

<ul>
=09<li style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-=
webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The DfA acknowledges the important and uni=
que role that national female staff play in the humanitarian response=2C r=
espect it=2C and therefore refrain from introducing measures or impediment=
s that may limit=2C compromise or undermine that involvement.</li>
=09<li style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-=
webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">Member States and donors continue to advoc=
ate with the DfA for the full=2C meaningful and safe inclusion of women in=
 the humanitarian response; hold their partners accountable to the commitm=
ents they have made regarding female national humanitarian workers; and su=
pport funding decisions which encourage and enable concrete improvements i=
n their lives and avoid positioning which may hamper that.&nbsp;</li>
=09<li style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-=
webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The UN leadership and humanitarian organiz=
ations develop guidelines on how to cooperate with the DfA on the matter o=
f female participation in the humanitarian response; strengthen reporting=
 systems for female national staff to register concerns about their workin=
g environment; increase or create dedicated funding opportunities for wome=
n=E2=80=99s groups and humanitarian and protection programmes targeting wo=
men and girls; consider developing a set of training modules for the DfA w=
hich covers a range of issues from basic literacy to education and sensiti=
zation that would facilitate the improved participation of female staff in=
 the humanitarian response=2C including=2C for example=2C their movement a=
cross checkpoints; and use temporary special measures which enable more na=
tional female staff to be recruited.</li>
</ul>

</td>
                    </tr>
                </tbody></table>
=09=09=09=09

<a href=3D"https://humanitarianresponse.us4.li=
st-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3D31a5f9ce92&e=
=3D378d750ef4" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-=
ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;fo=
nt-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">Download</a> the full repor=
t.
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                </tbody></table>
=09=09=09=09

=09=09=09=09
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        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table><table class=3D"mcnDividerBlock" style=3D"min-width: 100%;border-c=
ollapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-siz=
e-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;table-layout: fixed !importa=
nt;" width=3D"100%" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" border=3D"0">
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00%" class=3D"mcnTextBlock" style=3D"min-width: 100%;border-collapse: coll=
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              =09
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=09=09=09=09
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lapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 10=
0%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" width=3D"100%" class=3D"mcnTextContent=
Container">
                    <tbody><tr>

<strong>OCHA PRODUCTS AND SERVICES:</strong><b=
r>
<font color=3D"#000000">Interactive dashboards:<br>
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umanitarian Data Exchange (HDX)</a>
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=09=09=09=09
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              =09
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=09=09=09=09

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