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Date: Sun, 12 Jun 2022 11:04:02 +0000 (UTC)
From: INSO_AFG_NORTH_SA <sa.north@afg.ngosafety.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Message-ID: <H8ee2mhcSOCKgsi96hFYDw@geopod-ismtpd-3-2>
Subject: INSO REPORT - AFG - SAR-E PUL: Intercommunity Clash Over Access to
 Water Unlikely to Signify an Increase in Similar Incidents
To: Ahmadullah Shinwari <dr.shinwari@jack.ngo>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN' 'http://www.w3.org=
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enter><table width=3D"580" style=3D" width: 580px;  border:1px solid #C1C2C=
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				This report is for the exclusive use of INSO partners and must not be s=
hared outside your organisation			</td>
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									<div><span style=3D"font-size:24.0pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0=
; padding: 0; font-family:'Arial', sans-serif; color:#5376b6">&nbsp;&nbsp;R=
EPORT</span></div>
									<div><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0=
; padding: 0; font-family:'Arial', sans-serif; color:#182748">&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ATTENTION RECOMMENDED</span></div>
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								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">LOCATION=
</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								Afghanistan, Sar-e Pul Province, Sayad District, <a href=3D"https:/=
/goo.gl/maps/JXGXt6ZmnHRWsx5A7">Quflatoon</a> Area								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INCIDENT=
 TYPE</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								Armed Assault								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">DATE & T=
IME</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								05/06/2022 16:00								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INFORMAT=
ION</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">Two groups of approximately 100=
 individuals from the Uzbek and Hazara communities armed with sticks clashe=
d on 05 June in Quflatoon area of Sayad District over the access to a local=
 source of irrigation water. During the incident, 12 civilians were injured=
, together with three IEA members who attempted to intervene. Following the=
 arrival of 20 IEA reinforcements, the clash was suppressed and six members=
 of the Uzbek community were arrested as they were thought to have initiate=
d the attack and injured the IEA members.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">One day later, on 06 June, an estimated=
 250 Uzbeks from the Quflatoon area gathered in front of the provincial gov=
ernor&rsquo;s office to protest the arrest of their fellow community member=
s. The governor agreed with the elders to form a conflict resolution commis=
sion reportedly composed of the head of the department of agriculture, GDI =
and police members from the villages, and six elders both from Hazara and U=
zbek communities, following which the protesters dispersed. The six arreste=
d individuals, however, remained in custody at the time of writing.</div>		=
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ANALYSIS=
</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">This dispute was the first viol=
ent clash over access to water in Sar-e Pul in INSO&rsquo;s records, and ev=
en though the risk of similar incidents flaring up will be increased by the=
 drought in the upcoming months as well as by the broader humanitarian cris=
is in the province, their occurrence will likely remain rare.<br /><br /></=
div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">The confrontation on 05 June was report=
edly a direct consequence of the unusually low amount of water in the sprin=
g as well as of the additional strain put on the spring as former IDPs retu=
rned to the area. Irrigation in the majority Uzbek Quflatoon area is suppor=
ted by a spring that passes via the Mirza Wolang area. Mirza Wolang was his=
torically inhabited by the Hazara community, a large part of which returned=
 to the village following the IEA takeover after being displaced since appr=
oximately 2015. While the water source usually provided enough water for th=
e agricultural purposes of both communities, in the past weeks the inhabita=
nts of Quflatoon accused those of Mirza Wolang of overusing the spring, whi=
ch sparked the altercation. Reportedly, access to water in the area has not=
 been contentious in the past, even prior to 2015.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">The incident is unlikely to be a sign o=
f an impending spike in similar disputes over access to water in Sar-e Pul.=
 Although this year&rsquo;s drought will reportedly be more pronounced than=
 in previous years, droughts alone in the past did not cause intercommunity=
 conflict, and INSO recorded no water-related violent clashes in Sar-e Pul =
thus far even during the drought in 2018. Moreover, access to water in Sar-=
e Pul appears to have caused limited concern among the local population in =
2022 as shown in REACH&rsquo;s Mid-Year Whole of Afghanistan report publish=
ed in May. According to this data, 4% of Sar-e Pul&rsquo;s inhabitants are =
unable to cover any of their basic water needs, and only 7% mentioned water=
 among their top three humanitarian concerns, both figures being under the =
national average. While these numbers will likely increase over the summer =
months, they indicate that access to water in Sar-e Pul does not generally =
represent the most pressing and contentious need, and little therefore sugg=
ests that the number of conflicts over water should significantly depart fr=
om previous years. The risk of a dispute over water will, however, be incre=
ased during the summer months in areas with recently returned IDPs who are =
yet to negotiate access to scarce water sources with the host community. NG=
Os operating in such environments will face a low and indirect risk of staf=
f and property being affected collaterally by vandalism if such a clash sho=
uld erupt in the proximity of their operations or if their staff&rsquo;s re=
latives are involved in such an altercation.&nbsp;<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">The intensity of the clash followed the=
 trend observed in the past months with regard to the competition over natu=
ral resources in Sar-e Pul, namely that they tend to involve large groups o=
f individuals armed with blunt weapons, as noted in INSO&rsquo;s report AFG=
HANISTAN/NORTH/R/12042022/#001. While disputes over pastureland in Sar-e Pu=
l subsided with the seasonal migration of herders into the mountains in lat=
e April, the water dispute from 05 June confirms that other natural resourc=
es have the potential of creating similar inter-community tensions that occ=
asionally lead to a low-scale confrontation. The IEA and local elders have,=
 however, been successful at preventing these conflicts from escalating int=
o more numerous or violent incidents, whereby INSO recorded no revenge atta=
cks related to any of the six similar clashes over natural resources observ=
ed in 2022. In addition, the protesters from 06 June were reportedly satisf=
ied with the resolution of the incident and with the establishment of the c=
ommission, for which further unrest spurred by this clash in Sar-e Pul City=
 is highly unlikely.</div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ADVICE</=
div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">NGOs with WASH programming betw=
een host and returnee communities in Sar-e Pul should inform their staff of=
 the incident and of the increased sensitivity of providing water assistanc=
e over the summer months. It is advisable that NGOs maintain strict neutral=
ity and ensure full transparency of the selection criteria.<br /><br /></di=
v>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">NGOs are advised to keep their staff in=
formed of the developments surrounding the conflicts over natural resources=
. NGOs should also verify whether employees may be implicated in the confli=
ct through family and tribal connections, in which case these should avoid =
travelling to the areas in times of rising tensions.</div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ISSUED B=
Y</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 0 12.5px 0; border-bo=
ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								SA North, Marek Baron<br /><br /><a href=3D"mailto:sa.north@afg.ngo=
safety.org">sa.north@afg.ngosafety.org</a>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INSO SER=
IAL #</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								AFGHANISTAN/NORTH/R/12062022/#001								</div>
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76b6; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height:63px; font-size:7.5pt; font-family:'A=
rial', sans-serif; color:white; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;=
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				INSO exists to provide dedicated security services to the NGO community=
. As a free service, INSO and its donors or partners, accept no liability w=
hatsoever for claims as may result from the provision or utilisation of the=
se free services. Whilst every effort is made to the verify data, INSO cann=
ot guarantee the accuracy of information provided. Reproduction of INSO inf=
ormation is prohibited.									<br>
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