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Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2022 11:42:22 +0000 (UTC)
From: INSO_AFG_NORTH_SA <sa.north@afg.ngosafety.org>
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Message-ID: <LotsrW8JRCqrvjmZBWKsUw@geopod-ismtpd-1-2>
Subject: INSO REPORT - AFG - SAR-E PUL: Recent Clashes Indicate Increased Risk
 of Low-Scale Tribal Conflict Over Natural Resources
To: "Dr. Hafizullah Khalilzoy" <hafiz@jack.ngo>

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				This report is for the exclusive use of INSO partners and must not be s=
hared outside your organisation			</td>
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									<div><span style=3D"font-size:24.0pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0=
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EPORT</span></div>
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; padding: 0; font-family:'Arial', sans-serif; color:#182748">&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ATTENTION RECOMMENDED</span></div>
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								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">LOCATION=
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								Afghanistan, Sar-e Pul Province, Sayad District, <a href=3D"https:/=
/goo.gl/maps/a9Uey4q5YKLnKXmM6">Pistamazar</a> Area								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INCIDENT=
 TYPE</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								Armed Assault								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">DATE & T=
IME</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								30/03/2022 09:00								</div>
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								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INFORMAT=
ION</div>
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<p style=3D"text-align: justify;">Approximately 40 individuals arme=
d with sticks engaged in a physical altercation in the Pistamazar area of S=
ayad District over coal extraction rights on 30 March. As a result, seven i=
ndividuals were wounded and six were arrested by IEA members.</p>								</=
div>
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								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ANALYSIS=
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">The number of altercations over=
 natural resources has been increasing in Sar-e Pul and they tend to involv=
e large groups of hostile individuals more often than in other northern pro=
vinces, though the risk for NGOs is assessed as low. Such conflicts will li=
kely remain frequent as access to natural resources becomes more contested =
and as livelihood opportunities become scarcer in the worsening economic si=
tuation.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">The IEA&rsquo;s policy of deregulating =
coal mining in the area increased the potential for a community conflict ov=
er access to the mines. Prior to 15 August 2021, the right to commercially =
exploit this coal mine was reserved for registered companies. The IEA opene=
d the mine to artisanal miners who pay taxes on profits made. Such artisana=
l mining in the area was largely controlled by the residents of Pistamazar,=
 but recently a neighbouring tribe from the Tor Paghly area demanded equal =
access to the mine, which led to the first altercation over coal mining tha=
t INSO observed in the province. The District Governor closed the site for =
several days after the incident, but it was recently re-opened following su=
ccessful mediation efforts of the community elders.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">The above incident was the first tribal=
 conflict over access to coal mines INSO recorded in Sar-e Pul, but it shar=
es many characteristics with other similar conflicts over natural resources=
 in the province, particularly land access. Since 15 August, INSO recorded =
seven land disputes in Sar-e Pul, and four involved large groups of individ=
uals who assaulted each other with melee weapons. The latest of such incide=
nts occurred on 28 March also in Sayad District where two Pashtun tribes cl=
ashed over access to pastureland, wounding six. In comparison, the remainin=
g four provinces of the Northern Region combined marked 11 land access-rela=
ted incidents, out of which only one involved multiple individuals on each =
side of the altercation. &nbsp;<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">Similar conflicts will likely remain mo=
re frequent than in previous years, given that livelihoods become scarcer a=
nd grievances over access to natural resources resurface under the IEA rule=
. Since the IEA takeover, land disputes in Sar-e Pul have become significan=
tly more common, with INSO recording an average of 1,4 land-related inciden=
ts annually in Sar-e Pul between 2011 and 2021, compared to six such incide=
nts observed only in the first quarter of 2022. Access to natural resources=
 reportedly became more contentious because many residents considered the I=
EA takeover as an opportunity to claim land perceived as unjustly lost in t=
he past.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">The intensity of such altercations will=
 probably remain limited. The five incidents over natural resources in Sar-=
e Pul in 2022 which involved larger groups of people did not escalate into =
exchanges of fire, and INSO recorded no revenge incidents in relation to th=
e clashes. However, prior to the IEA takeover such clashes occasionally inv=
olved SAF, and considering the large availability of firearms among the gen=
eral public, low-intensity confrontations involving small arms may occur. O=
verall, the risk to NGOs remains low and indirect, though NGO staff and pro=
perty may be affected collaterally by vandalism and stray ammunition if suc=
h a clash should erupt in the proximity of their operations or if their sta=
ff&rsquo;s relatives are involved in such an altercation. &nbsp;</div>					=
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ADVICE</=
div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">NGOs are advised to maintain cl=
ose contact with community elders and other stakeholders in their areas of =
operation and proactively seek new information about the potential escalati=
on of conflicts over land access. &nbsp;<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">NGOs should pay close attention to the =
developments surrounding sites of artisanal coal mining. NGOs should avoid =
travelling near the sites in times when the IEA changes its policy toward m=
ining or when increased tensions are reported.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">NGOs are advised to keep their staff in=
formed of the developments surrounding the conflicts over natural resources=
. NGOs should also verify whether employees may be implicated in the confli=
ct through family and tribal connections, in which case these should avoid =
travelling to the areas in times of rising tensions.</div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ISSUED B=
Y</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 0 12.5px 0; border-bo=
ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								SA North, Marek Baron<br /><br /><a href=3D"mailto:sa.north@afg.ngo=
safety.org">sa.north@afg.ngosafety.org</a>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INSO SER=
IAL #</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								AFGHANISTAN/NORTH/R/12042022/#001								</div>
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				INSO exists to provide dedicated security services to the NGO community=
. As a free service, INSO and its donors or partners, accept no liability w=
hatsoever for claims as may result from the provision or utilisation of the=
se free services. Whilst every effort is made to the verify data, INSO cann=
ot guarantee the accuracy of information provided. Reproduction of INSO inf=
ormation is prohibited.									<br>
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