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Date: Thu, 07 Apr 2022 05:51:36 +0000 (UTC)
From: INSO_AFG_CENTRAL_SA <sa.central@afg.ngosafety.org>
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Message-ID: <mhAB-Pa0QcS2VL4RGcd0gA@geopod-ismtpd-1-2>
Subject: INSO REPORT =?UTF-8?B?4oCTIEFGRyDigJM=?= KABUL: Enforcement of Social
 Behaviour Rules During Ramadan Poses Risk to NGO Staff
To: "Dr. Hafizullah Khalilzoy" <hafiz@jack.ngo>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN' 'http://www.w3.org=
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				This report is for the exclusive use of INSO partners and must not be s=
hared outside your organisation			</td>
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									<div><span style=3D"font-size:24.0pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0=
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EPORT</span></div>
									<div><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0=
; padding: 0; font-family:'Arial', sans-serif; color:#182748">&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ATTENTION RECOMMENDED</span></div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">LOCATION=
</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">Afghanistan, Kabul Province, Ka=
bul City, PD 11, <a href=3D"https://goo.gl/maps/SnPoZmf9wRzES7Z2A">Khair Kh=
ana</a> Area; and PD 2, <a href=3D"https://goo.gl/maps/ihBh9YbC86zM61dN7">B=
aharistan</a> Area</div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INCIDENT=
 TYPE</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								Enforcement of Social Behaviour Rules								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">DATE & T=
IME</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								04/04/2022 16:00								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INFORMAT=
ION</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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<p>Since the start of Ramadan in Afghanistan on 02 April, INSO has received=
 anecdotal reports and recorded multiple incidents of IEA forces harassing =
or assaulting civilians over alleged violations of social behaviour rules a=
ssociated with the observance of Ramadan.<br /><br />On 04 April, IEA force=
s stopped an individual and assaulted him for walking on the street during =
prayer time in the Khair Khana area of PD 11, while in the Baharistan area =
of PD 2, IEA forces assaulted an individual for smoking in public during pr=
ayer time.</p>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ANALYSIS=
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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<p>While the key tenets of Ramadan are already closely followed by the vast=
 majority of residents across Afghanistan, IEA members may seek to enforce =
a more rigid interpretation of social behaviour rules connected to Ramadan =
than under the previous GOA, in particular with regards to fasting and obse=
rving prayers at the indicated times. Individual incidents of related assau=
lts by IEA members are oftentimes difficult to independently verify and are=
 believed to be underreported, both due to their generally limited impact a=
nd fear of additional reprisals.<br /><br />As with other social behaviour =
rules, these incidents are not assessed to be the result of a coordinated c=
ampaign launched by senior IEA officials, but rather authored by individual=
 IEA members based on their personal assessments and convictions. As a resu=
lt, these types of incidents are also likely to be sporadic, inconsistent, =
and unpredictable in their scope and nature. In this sense, they mirror the=
 enforcement of social behaviour rules related to directives from the Minis=
try for the Prevention of Vice and Promotion of Virtue.<br /><br />To date,=
 no such incidents impacting NGO staff directly have been reported, however=
, national NGO staff members in particular will face an elevated risk of be=
ing targeted over perceived violations of Ramadan tenets due to their assum=
ed religious denomination. As of the time of writing, IEA forces have repor=
tedly not entered any NGO compounds or private residences in order to confi=
rm adherence to prayer times or fasting, with the reported sporadic checks =
having taken place exclusively by the roadside.<br /><br />The likelihood o=
f expatriate NGO staff members being similarly reprimanded or assaulted is =
assessed to be somewhat lower, based on limited exceptions for foreign nati=
onals provided in previous IEA-issued social behaviour rules (see AFGHANIST=
AN/CENTRAL/R/29032022/#001). However, in case of particularly public displa=
ys of non-compliance, individual IEA members may still respond in a hostile=
 manner.</p>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ADVICE</=
div>
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<p>NGOs are advised to sensitise their personnel, in particular newly-hired=
 expatriate staff members, of the religious sensitivities surrounding Ramad=
an and associated social behaviour rules.<br /><br />If possible, NGO staff=
 members should seek to avoid violations of these rules (e.g. consuming foo=
d/beverages, smoking) while in transit as well as in public spaces in order=
 to minimise the risk of confrontations.<br /><br />NGOs should share all i=
ncidents directly impacting their staff members or assets with INSO and oth=
er trusted partners, to ensure full visibility on the current extent of ris=
ks to NGOs.</p>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ISSUED B=
Y</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">SA Central, Dennis Ikas<br /><b=
r /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;"><a href=3D"mailto:sa.central@afg.ngosaf=
ety.org">sa.central@afg.ngosafety.org</a></div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INSO SER=
IAL #</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								AFGHANISTAN/CENTRAL/R/07042022/#001								</div>
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				INSO exists to provide dedicated security services to the NGO community=
. As a free service, INSO and its donors or partners, accept no liability w=
hatsoever for claims as may result from the provision or utilisation of the=
se free services. Whilst every effort is made to the verify data, INSO cann=
ot guarantee the accuracy of information provided. Reproduction of INSO inf=
ormation is prohibited.									<br>
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