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Date: Tue, 05 Apr 2022 06:33:42 +0000 (UTC)
From: INSO_AFG_CENTRAL_SA <sa.central@afg.ngosafety.org>
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Message-ID: <Uwhs9-GYRNOzWwbdccS5qg@geopod-ismtpd-4-2>
Subject: INSO REPORT =?UTF-8?B?4oCTIEFGRyDigJM=?= PANJSHIR: RCIED Attack
 Highlights Risk to Road Infrastructure And NGO Personnel
To: "Dr. Hafizullah Khalilzoy" <hafiz@jack.ngo>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN' 'http://www.w3.org=
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enter><table width=3D"580" style=3D" width: 580px;  border:1px solid #C1C2C=
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				This report is for the exclusive use of INSO partners and must not be s=
hared outside your organisation			</td>
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									<div><span style=3D"font-size:24.0pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0=
; padding: 0; font-family:'Arial', sans-serif; color:#5376b6">&nbsp;&nbsp;R=
EPORT</span></div>
									<div><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0=
; padding: 0; font-family:'Arial', sans-serif; color:#182748">&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ATTENTION RECOMMENDED</span></div>
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								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">LOCATION=
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">Afghanistan, Panjshir Province,=
 Rukha District, Hesarak Area, <a href=3D"https://goo.gl/maps/Jd5dUDj6TytTw=
obu5">Pul-e Marishtan Bridge</a></div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INCIDENT=
 TYPE</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								RCIED Attack								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">DATE & T=
IME</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								03/04/2022 09:00								</div>
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								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INFORMAT=
ION</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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<p>On 03 April at approximately 0900 hrs, an RCIED detonated against an IEA=
 ranger-type vehicle travelling over the Pul-e Marishtan Bridge in the Hesa=
rak area of Rukha District, killing two IEA members and wounding one other.=
<br /><br />Both the targeted IEA vehicle and the Pul-e Marishtan Bridge su=
stained damages in the attack. However, the bridge remains traversable, as =
of the time of writing.<br /><br />The 03 April attack represents the twelf=
th IED-based attack recorded in Panjshir Province since 04 September 2021, =
which killed a total of ten individuals and wounded 18 others. With the exc=
eption of a PPIED attack impacting a civilian vehicle in the Rukha DAC area=
 on 21 November, all attacks have targeted IEA vehicles. Rukha District rec=
orded the highest number of these attacks (six) followed by Bazarak (three)=
, while the majority of attacks (ten) took place along secondary roads.<br =
/><br />The incident also marked the third RCIED attack specifically target=
ing an IEA vehicle while crossing a river in Panjshir since 04 September 20=
21, when an RCIED detonated against an IEA vehicle travelling over a bridge=
 along a secondary road in the Dasht Raywat area of Khenj District, followe=
d by an SAF attack that killed four IEA members and wounded six others. On =
23 January 2022, an RCIED emplaced under a culvert along a secondary road i=
n the Gadara area of Rukha District detonated against an IEA ranger-type ve=
hicle carrying an IEA official, wounding two of his bodyguards.</p>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ANALYSIS=
</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">As demonstrated by the 03 April=
 incident, IED attacks impacting critical road infrastructure remain within=
 the capabilities of OAGs operating in Panjshir Province. The use of IEDs, =
rather than relying exclusively on SAF attacks, illustrates the range of ta=
ctics NRF affiliates currently employ against IEA forces as well as the ris=
k averse strategy they continue to follow in Panjshir.<br /><br />When trav=
ersing bridges and culverts, vehicles are forced to follow highly predictab=
le paths, which renders them ideal sites for IED attacks. Both Panjshir Riv=
er along the central axis of the province and its various smaller tributari=
es within secondary valleys feature numerous bridges and culverts, with app=
roximately 70 river crossings leading over Panjshir River along the main hi=
ghway. As such, these river crossings present OAG members with a high numbe=
r of strategic choke points to deploy IEDs.<br /><br />IED-based attacks po=
se significant risks to NGOs, primarily through direct collateral exposure =
of passing personnel and vehicles. The limited accuracy of most IEDs height=
ens the risk of collateral exposure, in particular in the case of victim-ac=
tivated devices, such as PPIEDs. On the other hand, OAG members may acciden=
tally trigger RCIEDs prematurely ahead of the arrival of the intended targe=
t, or mistake NGO vehicles for IEA vehicles.<br /><br />Furthermore, by dam=
aging bridges and possibly obstructing them in the process, these IED attac=
ks have the potential of more broadly limiting movements through Panjshir P=
rovince. In rural areas especially, the ability of local authorities to mai=
ntain or repair basic infrastructure is assessed to be highly limited and a=
ccess across destroyed river crossings is unlikely to be restored quickly.<=
br /><br />With nine out 12 IED attacks conducted in Panjshir Province sinc=
e September 2021 having been conducted in 2022, the increase in OAG members=
' use of IEDs is notable. Should this trend continue, the IEA may deploy ad=
ditional forces at particularly high-risk locations, such as bridges and cu=
lverts, to prevent the emplacement of further IEDs. <br /><br />Such an hei=
ghtened posture would most likely increase travel time for NGO staff by int=
roducing further controls of passing vehicles at VCPs at key river crossing=
s. In addition, new permanent checkpoints at bridges would also present NRF=
 members with further potential targets for SAF or IDF attacks, again heigh=
tening the risk of collateral exposure for passing civilian vehicles.</div>=
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ADVICE</=
div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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<p style=3D"text-align: justify;">NGOs operating within Panjshir and adjace=
nt provinces with a continuous OAG presence are advised to sensitise their =
staff on the threat posed by roadside IEDs.<br /><br />Wherever feasible, N=
GOs should seek to limit the time spent at security forces installations, i=
ncluding checkpoints, and keep a safe distance of at least six vehicle leng=
ths from security forces vehicles while in transit.<br /><br />While travel=
ling through rural areas and choke points, such as river crossings, NGO veh=
icles should travel with reduced speed and full lights in order to maximise=
 visibility and allow for sufficient response time to potentially bring the=
 vehicle to a stop or reverse.</p>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ISSUED B=
Y</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">SA Central, Dennis Ikas<br /><b=
r /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;"><a href=3D"mailto:sa.central@afg.ngosaf=
ety.org">sa.central@afg.ngosafety.org</a></div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INSO SER=
IAL #</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								AFGHANISTAN/CENTRAL/R/05042022/#001								</div>
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				INSO exists to provide dedicated security services to the NGO community=
. As a free service, INSO and its donors or partners, accept no liability w=
hatsoever for claims as may result from the provision or utilisation of the=
se free services. Whilst every effort is made to the verify data, INSO cann=
ot guarantee the accuracy of information provided. Reproduction of INSO inf=
ormation is prohibited.									<br>
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