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Date: Sun, 05 Dec 2021 05:46:46 +0000 (UTC)
From: INSO_AFG_CENTRAL_SA <sa.central@afg.ngosafety.org>
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Subject: INSO REPORT =?UTF-8?B?4oCTIEFGRyDigJM=?= KABUL: NGO Staff Member
 Robbed in Shared Taxi
To: Faisal Ahmadzai <faisal.ahmadzai@jack.ngo>

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nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ATTENTION RECOMMENDED</span></div>
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								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">LOCATION=
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">Afghanistan, Kabul Province, Ka=
bul City, PD 5, <a href=3D"https://goo.gl/maps/9M25yRsQrJNfHD7J9">Kota Sang=
i</a> Area</div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INCIDENT=
 TYPE</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								NGO Staff Member Robbed in Shared Taxi								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">DATE & T=
IME</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								28/11/2021 07:45								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INFORMAT=
ION</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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<p style=3D"text-align: justify;">On 28 November, at approximately 0750 hou=
rs, an NGO national staff member entered a shared taxi that was parked in t=
he vicinity of a taxi stand, near his private residence in the Kota Sangi a=
rea of PD 5 on his way to work. In addition to the driver, three other indi=
viduals were already seated in the taxi when the staff member entered.<br /=
><br />Shortly after entering the taxi, the individual sitting in the front=
 passenger seat drew a handgun and threatened the staff member, while a sec=
ond individual sitting in the back drew a knife and also proceeded to threa=
ten the staff member. The driver diverted from the main road onto a seconda=
ry road, where the assailants proceeded to rob the staff member of his smar=
tphone, laptop, and approximately AFN 20,000 in cash.<br /><br />After the =
assailants had stolen the staff member&rsquo;s possessions, they released t=
he victim unharmed on a nearby secondary road.</p>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ANALYSIS=
</div>
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<p>The title incident serves to highlight the continued exposure of NGO sta=
ff members to opportunistic crime during transit. The use of shared taxis, =
while commonplace in Kabul, has frequently been connected to an elevated ri=
sk of being targeted by semi-organised criminal elements in armed robberies=
. <br /><br />Under most established safety protocols of NGOs, this risk be=
 most relevant to national staff members, as expatriates are generally stro=
ngly discouraged from using shared taxis under any circumstances. Expatriat=
e staff members using sharing taxis would face a significantly elevated ris=
k of being targeted by these criminal elements due to their perceived afflu=
ence.<br /><br />Thus far in 2021, a total of 13 criminal acts in shared ta=
xis have been recorded in Kabul Province, of which six targeted NGO personn=
el. While armed robberies represent the majority of these incidents, pickpo=
cketing of victims&rsquo; easily portable valuables&mdash;such as wallets, =
phones, and watches&mdash;is also a common occurrence. The number of record=
ed incidents is believed to be a significant underestimation of the actual =
frequency of similar thefts in shared taxis, as incidents may often not be =
reported to the authorities due to their limited financial impact, or becau=
se they initially go unnoticed by the victims in the case of pickpocketing.=
<br /><br />The reported modus operandi of the latest related incident shar=
es several common elements with previous robberies that take place in share=
d taxis. Firstly, all other occupants inside the vehicle appeared to be mem=
bers of the criminal group conducting the attack, thereby limiting the like=
lihood of resistance or flight by the victim, with multiple assailants thre=
atening the victim with weapons. <br /><br />Secondly, the driver diverted =
the vehicle away from the main road and potential witnesses onto a secluded=
 secondary road to minimise the chance of being detected by security forces=
. In addition to highlighting at least a minimal of preparation on the part=
 of the assailants, navigating along multiple secondary roads also suggests=
 the assailants possessed rudimentary knowledge of the layout of the surrou=
nding area.<br /><br />Thirdly, the vehicle was parked in vicinity of a tax=
i stand, possibly in order to blend in with other shared taxis and pose as =
a legitimate taxi, while still avoiding closer scrutiny from established ta=
xi drivers parked at the stand. In conjunction with the general high traffi=
c volume during the morning rush hour at the time of the incident, the assa=
ilants were unlikely to attract attention from civilian onlookers or IEA fo=
rces.<br /><br />Given these prevailing conditions at the time of the incid=
ent, it is furthermore assessed to be unlikely that the 28 November inciden=
t specifically targeted the NGO staff member, and was opportunistic in natu=
re. As such, the incident also demonstrates that NGO staff members do not f=
ace a principally higher risk of being affected by opportunistic criminal a=
ctivity than the general public. <br /><br />Due to their opportunstic, ran=
dom character and the practical need for transportation for staff members o=
n a daily basis, similar robberies are difficult to mitigate against on an =
organisational level. Given the overall reduction in the operational capaci=
ties of security forces and the general economic decline, a general increas=
e in crimes connected to shared taxis in Kabul City remains a possible scen=
ario.</p>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ADVICE</=
div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">NGOs are advised to inform all =
staff members on the crime-related risks associated with public transportat=
ion, including shared taxis. While distinguishing criminal elements from ge=
nuine shared taxis can be highly challenging, staff members should be infor=
med of potential indicators of criminal intent, including, but not limited =
to:<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; The shared taxi is parked at a d=
istance from established taxi stands;</div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; Only one remaining seat is avail=
able in a waiting vehicle;</div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; Occupants aggressively insist on=
 transporting staff members, even after the offer was declined;<br /><br />=
As these indicators are only preliminary and should not be considered concl=
usive or definite indications of criminal intent, staff members should be e=
ncouraged to maintain fundamental situational awareness and remain consciou=
s of their surroundings at all times. When in transit, staff members should=
 remain alert and limit potential distractions through phones or conversati=
ons with other passengers.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">Where feasible, staff members should se=
ek to only use shared taxis operated by drivers previously known to them. C=
ommonly targeted valuable items (smartphones, watches, large sums of cash) =
should not be openly displayed at any point while in transit.<br /><br />Wh=
en confronted by criminals, staff members should not resist attempts to ste=
al their valuables, irrespective of whether or not the assailants are visib=
ly armed, as weapons may have been concealed prior to the robbery. Escape a=
ttempts, or other forms of resistance, should exclusively be considered whe=
n deemed necessary in order to preserve life.</div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ISSUED B=
Y</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">SA Central, Dennis Ikas<br /><b=
r /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;"><a href=3D"mailto:sa.central@afg.ngosaf=
ety.org">sa.central@afg.ngosafety.org</a></div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INSO SER=
IAL #</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								AFGHANISTAN/CENTRAL/R/05122021/#001								</div>
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				INSO exists to provide dedicated security services to the NGO community=
. As a free service, INSO and its donors or partners, accept no liability w=
hatsoever for claims as may result from the provision or utilisation of the=
se free services. Whilst every effort is made to the verify data, INSO cann=
ot guarantee the accuracy of information provided. Reproduction of INSO inf=
ormation is prohibited.									<br>
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