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Date: Fri, 26 Nov 2021 11:08:09 +0000 (UTC)
From: INSO_AFG_CENTRAL_SA <sa.central@afg.ngosafety.org>
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Message-ID: <Z0JEr9x3TYqyuBiWQRsFIg@geopod-ismtpd-5-1>
Subject: INSO REPORT =?UTF-8?B?4oCTIEFGRyDigJM=?= KABUL: Attempted Abduction
 of Senior NGO Staff Member
To: Reza Jamal <logistic.manager@jack.ngo>

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				This report is for the exclusive use of INSO partners and must not be s=
hared outside your organisation			</td>
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									<div><span style=3D"font-size:24.0pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0=
; padding: 0; font-family:'Arial', sans-serif; color:#5376b6">&nbsp;&nbsp;R=
EPORT</span></div>
									<div><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt; font-weight: bold; margin: 0=
; padding: 0; font-family:'Arial', sans-serif; color:#182748">&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ATTENTION RECOMMENDED</span></div>
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								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">LOCATION=
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								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">Afghanistan, Kabul Province, Ka=
bul City, PD 4, Taimani, <a href=3D"https://goo.gl/maps/xGGBVjhsks8XpPfo9">=
Street 5</a> Area</div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INCIDENT=
 TYPE</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								Attempted Abduction of Senior NGO Staff Member								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">DATE & T=
IME</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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								23/11/2021 18:00								</div>
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								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INFORMAT=
ION</div>
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<p style=3D"text-align: justify;">On 23 November, at approximately 1800 hrs=
, in the Taimani area of PD 4 in Kabul, a group of four assailants accosted=
 a senior NGO staff member on his way home from the office. The NGO staff m=
ember was travelling in his private vehicle. The staff member had made a ro=
utine stop by the side of the road and exited his vehicle when the assailan=
ts approached, blocking his vehicle by theirs. The assailants then threaten=
ed the staff member with a firearm and knives, while attempting to force hi=
m into their vehicle.</p>
<p style=3D"text-align: justify;">The NGO staff member resisted, and the as=
sailants struck him with a blunt object, but the staff member managed to es=
cape. The assailants subsequently stole the vehicle, mobile phones, and oth=
er valuables of the victim and fled the scene.</p>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ANALYSIS=
</div>
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">
<p style=3D"text-align: justify;">Based on the reported modus operandi of t=
he assailants, the title incident was most likely an attempted kidnapping a=
gainst the NGO staff member. The blocking of his vehicle and the reported a=
ttempt to force the victim into the assailants&rsquo; own vehicle strongly =
suggest that this was the primary motive behind the incident. Conversely, t=
he subsequent theft of the vehicle and valuables of the victim were more li=
kely secondary objectives borne from opportunism after the failed abduction=
 attempt.<br /><br />Given this high probability of an attempted abduction,=
 the incident is assessed to have been deliberately targeted against the in=
dividual staff member. Due to the high risk and cost associated with execut=
ing kidnappings and extorting a ransom, assailants rarely choose targets in=
discriminately, as abducting random victims does not guarantee an adequate =
pay-off for the threat actors.<br /><br />As such, the assailants would hav=
e conducted surveillance against their eventual target, likely over an exte=
nded period of time, before attempting the abduction. The fact that the tar=
geted staff member reportedly frequently conducted the same stop on his way=
 from the office to his home strongly suggests that the assailants delibera=
tely chose this moment due to prior knowledge of his movements.<br /><br />=
By observing the daily routines of the staff member, possibly both during a=
nd outside of office hours, the assailants ostensibly managed to establish =
a pattern of life and identify vulnerabilities that they could exploit.<br =
/><br />Based on the subsequent theft of the vehicle and valuables of the s=
taff member, it is assessed as most likely that the incident was perpetrate=
d by OCG members with a financial intent, rather than OAG members seeking t=
o conduct an abduction for political motives. A personal dispute involving =
the victim being the motive behind the abduction similarly seems unlikely i=
n this case based on this modus operandi, although personal or business-rel=
ated disputes have also prompted abductions in the past.<br /><br />The tar=
geting of NGO staff in premeditated abductions by OCG members remains a dis=
tinct threat for both national and expatriate staff members, given their ge=
neral perception of relative wealth by criminal elements, amidst an overall=
 declining economy. While within the set of potential targets, expatriate s=
taff are assessed to be more financially-rewarding targets to OCG members, =
national staff members are likely viewed as similarly profitable, but more =
easily accessible targets.<br /><br />Finally, the incident also highlights=
 the direct link between surveillance operations by threat actors and the e=
xecution of abductions. This serves to again underline the importance of ma=
intaining effective counter-surveillance measures, both on an organisationa=
l and individual level.</p>
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								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ADVICE</=
div>
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">NGOs are advised to review, ret=
rain, and strictly enforce existing protocols for movement and counter-surv=
eillance with all staff. These should include, but not necessarily be limit=
ed to, the following:<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;"><em>Counter-surveillance:</em></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; Guards should monitor CCTV camer=
as, if they exist, at all times, and report any suspicious activity, such a=
s an individual standing in front of the compound for no apparent reason, o=
r a vehicle with persons inside that is seen parked in front of the compoun=
d for several days in a row. If they feel comfortable doing so, guards can =
engage the individual(s), as this may deter further surveillance.&nbsp;<br =
/><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; When CCTV cameras do not exist, =
NGO guards should be encouraged to exit the compound at irregular intervals=
, and particularly around the times when staff are entering or exiting, and=
 monitor the surroundings, similarly noting down, reporting, and, if feasib=
le, engaging, any suspicious individual(s).<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; NGO guards should engage in freq=
uent conversations and build good relations and trust with neighbours, as t=
hey can also serve as a source of information on unusual developments or mo=
vements.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; All staff, while in transit, sho=
uld maintain situational awareness (avoid sleeping or using the phone unnec=
essarily) and report any vehicle suspected of tracking theirs. When enterin=
g or exiting the compound, all staff should mentally note down what they se=
e, and report any recurrence.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; Staff should report, in particul=
ar, any individuals seen to take photographs, videos, or notes.&nbsp;<br />=
<br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; NGOs should furthermore remind s=
taff of what constitutes sensitive information that must not be shared with=
 anyone outside the organisation, including names of staff, movement patter=
ns, vehicle details, and any compound or movement security protocols. A ded=
icated training with staff on this matter is recommended.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; NGOs should also remind staff to=
 report to their managers if under external pressure to disclose sensitive =
information, or if they have already disclosed it, assuring them that the N=
GO will do the utmost to protect them.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">Nonetheless, NGOs are reminded that mor=
e sophisticated forms of surveillance will be harder to detect - potential =
abductors may make use of different vehicles, for example, or have differen=
t people conduct surveillance on different days.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;"><em>Movement protocols and limiting vul=
nerability in transit:</em></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; NGOs should seek to avoid routin=
e, as much as possible. Varying office hours and working outside the office=
 (e.g. from home), as feasible and in balance with operational impacts, is =
recommended for staff members who live in a different location from the off=
ice. Similarly, NGO staff are strongly encouraged to vary days of the week =
and times of day for all movements.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; NGO staff are further encouraged=
 to travel with several people in the vehicle. While COVID-19-related mitig=
ation measures remain essential and should be followed, two or three people=
 in addition to the driver inside the vehicle may make potential abductors =
deem those in the vehicle to be a harder target. If available, bringing a g=
uard or other staff member along, particularly at night, may also deter pot=
ential abductors.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; When returning to their compound=
, NGO staff members are advised to call ahead, for the guards to be prepare=
d to open the gates, so as to shorten the waiting time in front of the comp=
ound.<br /><br /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">&bull; When visiting another compound, =
NGO staff are similarly advised to call ahead and ask the host to notify th=
e guards to open the door as soon as the NGO staff member has arrived.</div=
>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">ISSUED B=
Y</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								<div style=3D"text-align: justify;">SA Central, Dennis Ikas<br /><b=
r /></div>
<div style=3D"text-align: justify;"><a href=3D"mailto:sa.central@afg.ngosaf=
ety.org">sa.central@afg.ngosafety.org</a></div>								</div>
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lor:#15274B;  ">
								<div style=3D"margin: 12.5px 25px; padding: 0 12.5px 0 0;">INSO SER=
IAL #</div>
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2.0pt; font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; line-height:115%;  ">
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ttom:1px solid #C1C2C4;">
								AFGHANISTAN/CENTRAL/R/26112021/#001								</div>
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rial', sans-serif; color:white; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;=
">
				INSO exists to provide dedicated security services to the NGO community=
. As a free service, INSO and its donors or partners, accept no liability w=
hatsoever for claims as may result from the provision or utilisation of the=
se free services. Whilst every effort is made to the verify data, INSO cann=
ot guarantee the accuracy of information provided. Reproduction of INSO inf=
ormation is prohibited.									<br>
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