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AFGHANISTAN
COVID-19
Strategic Situation Report No. 93 | 25 March 2021

The next Strategic Situation Report will be released on 8 April 2021

Download the full update: https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operati=
ons/afghanistan/document/afghanistan-flash-update-covid-19-strategic-situa=
tion-report-no-93

Situation Overview:
------------------------------------------------------------

Global Update: According to John Hopkins University (https://gisanddata.ma=
ps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ec=
f6) =2C more than 2.7 million people have now died with COVID-19 across th=
e world. The pandemic is affecting 192 countries with more than 124 millio=
n confirmed cases globally=2C as of 25 March. WHO report (https://reliefwe=
b.int/report/world/who-urges-greater-surveillance-new-covid-19-variants-em=
erge) s that while the emergence of new virus variants is common=2C those=
 with higher speed of transmission or potentially increased pathogenicity=
 (i.e. the capacity of a microbe to cause damage in a host) are very conce=
rning. Crucial investigations are underway to comprehensively understand t=
he behaviour of the new virus mutation (B117) and steer the response accor=
dingly.

Afghanistan: As of 25 March=2C MoPH data (https://moph-dw.gov.af/dhis-web-=
commons/security/login.action#/) shows that 56=2C226 people across all 34=
 provinces in Afghanistan are confirmed to have had COVID-19. Some 49=2C80=
2 people have recovered=2C and 2=2C467 people have died =E2=80=93 at least=
 91 of whom are healthcare workers. Only 335=2C965 people out of a populat=
ion of 40.4 million have been tested. Afghanistan now has a test-positivit=
y-rate =E2=80=93 positive tests as a percentage of total tests =E2=80=93 o=
f close to 17 per cent=2C suggesting overall under-testing of potential ca=
ses. The majority of recorded deaths were men between the ages of 50 and 7=
9. Men account for almost 67 per cent of the total COVID-19 confirmed case=
s in the MoPH data=2C although this may be the result of over-representati=
on of men in testing. Due to limited public health resources and testing c=
apacity=2C lack of people coming forward for testing=2C as well as the abs=
ence of a national death register=2C confirmed cases of and deaths from CO=
VID-19 are likely to be under-reported overall in Afghanistan. Stigma is c=
onsidered a major factor in people choosing not to get tests and risk comm=
unications work is critical to turning this around. WHO warns that widespr=
ead complacency and failure to follow public health advice in Afghanistan=
 is creating grave risks in the community with people generally not observ=
ing physical distancing or mask wearing protocols. WHO Afghanistan remains=
 concerned about mutations of the virus.  There is significant increase in=
 cases in Pakistan with the new variant which is potential more infectious=
 and affect younger population.  The Ministry of Public Health is preparin=
g contingencies for a potential third wave which included scaling up surve=
illance at the border and improving testing.

Almost 8 per cent of the total confirmed COVID-19 cases are among healthca=
re staff and they are currently the highest priority for vaccination. Ther=
e is urgent need to ensure continued distribution of medical and protectiv=
e equipment to all corners of the country. While 22 laboratories are now o=
perating in Afghanistan =E2=80=93 with plans to scale-up to at least one l=
aboratory per province by June 2021 =E2=80=93 the capacity of these facili=
ties remains limited and stocks of supplies have periodically run out. Nat=
ional capacity for COVID-19 testing has reached 8=2C500 samples a day howe=
ver these laboratories are not being fully utilised. Humanitarian partners=
 urge the Government to ensure laboratories are appropriately equipped=2C=
 staff receive timely remuneration and that procured supplies go to under-=
resourced health centres in a transparent manner so that life-saving suppo=
rt can be delivered to those most in need.

Vaccination: The first batch (https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/cov=
id-19-vaccines-shipped-covax-arrive-afghanistan) of COVID-19 vaccinations=
 through the COVAX facility =E2=80=93 consisting of 468=2C000 doses =E2=80=
=93 arrived on 8 March. Afghanistan is the first country in central Asia t=
o receive the vaccine via COVAX =E2=80=93 a facility that is set to delive=
r at least 2 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines globally by the end of 202=
1. To date=2C Afghanistan has received 968=2C000 doses of the vaccine =E2=
=80=93 468=2C000 from the COVAX facility and 500=2C000 directly from the g=
overnment of India--enabling the vaccination of some 484=2C000 people. The=
re remains some concern=2C however=2C around the perceived low demand amon=
g healthcare workers and the equitable access of vaccine among all Afghans=
=2E

Socio-economic impacts: The socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 have transl=
ated into a dramatic deterioration in food insecurity with levels now simi=
lar to those seen during the 2018 drought. An estimated 16.9 million peopl=
e are now in crisis or emergency levels of food insecurity. The current cl=
imate outlook is also worrying with reduced precipitation and higher tempe=
ratures potentially affecting farmers and pastoralists=2C as well as water=
 availability over the next few months. Food prices are already at elevate=
d levels due to COVID-19 and are likely to increase further if the current=
 weather patterns persist. According to WFP=E2=80=99s market monitoring=2C=
 the average wheat flour price (low price and high price) increased by 12=
 per cent between 14 March 2020 and the second week of March 2021=2C while=
 the cost of pulses=2C sugar=2C cooking oil and rice (low quality) increas=
ed by 26 per cent=2C 20 per cent=2C 58 per cent=2C and 21 per cent=2C resp=
ectively=2C over the same period. These price increases are accompanied
by declining purchasing power for casual labourers and pastoralists =E2=80=
=93 which has deteriorated by almost 19 per cent and 20 per cent=2C respec=
tively (compared to 14 March 2020). These factors=2C combined with COVID-1=
9 related interruptions to informal employment and decreased remittances=
=2C are driving people into crippling debt. Data from the 2020 Whole of Af=
ghanistan Assessment showed that the primary reason for taking on this deb=
t last year was to pay for food (53 per cent).

Teachers in schools and universities set to receive the COVAX COVID-19 vac=
cine - WHO (https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-s-fight-a=
gainst-covid-19-women-lab-coats-lead-way)

With schools re-opening on 21 March (https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanis=
tan/teachers-schools-and-universities-set-receive-covax-covid-19-vaccine)=
 =2C the Ministry of Public Health has prioritized teachers to receive the=
 COVID-19 vaccine so that schools stay open=2C teachers stay safe and chil=
dren keep learning.

COVAX =E2=80=93 a coalition of partners including the Coalition for Epidem=
ic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)=2C Gavi=2C the Vaccine Alliance=2C UNIC=
EF and WHO =E2=80=93 was created to ensure that as COVID-19 vaccines are r=
olled out around the world=2C the process is done fairly so that all count=
ries=2C especially the poorest=2C receive vaccines and are better able to=
 protect their most vulnerable populations.

COVAX has shipped 468=2C000 doses of the COVISHIELD vaccine from the Astra=
Zeneca Serum Institute of India in Mumbai to Afghanistan. The delivery is=
 part of a first wave of arrivals that will continue in the coming weeks a=
nd months.

The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on the world and children have pai=
d the highest price as school doors shut and students were denied their ri=
ght to education and=2C in many cases=2C protection.  Last year in Afghani=
stan=2C nationwide school closures disrupted the learning of almost 10 mil=
lion children. The longer children remain out of school=2C the less likely=
 they are to return.

Vaccinating teachers is a critical step towards making sure schools reopen=
=2C stay open=2C children return to class and lessons commence.  =E2=80=9C=
When schools closed last year=2C children=E2=80=99s worlds shrunk. Learnin=
g was lessened. Play was paused. Friendships faltered. And futures were co=
mpromised =E2=80=93 we saw children forced into dangerous labour and girls=
 into early marriage=2C=E2=80=9D said Sheema Sen Gupta=2C Representative a=
=2Ei=2C UNICEF Afghanistan. =E2=80=9CTogether=2C we=E2=80=99ll get Afghanist=
an=E2=80=99s children back to their books=2C their friends and their studi=
es - the foundation of every strong nation.=E2=80=9D

Last month the Government of Afghanistan received 500 000 doses of COVID-1=
9 vaccine from India. These were administrated to frontline health workers=
=2C under the leadership of the Ministry of Public Health.  =E2=80=9CEnsur=
ing the safety and health of our compatriots is one of our highest priorit=
ies. The COVID-19 vaccine being rolled out in Afghanistan has gone through=
 rigorous reviews and testing and is safe for use=2C said Dr Wahid Majrooh=
=2C acting Minister of the Ministry of Public Health. =E2=80=9CThe start o=
f the new academic year is due and the only way to assure the safety of te=
achers is through administering the vaccine=2C=E2=80=9D he added.

=E2=80=9CWHO is delighted that teachers are among the key priority groups=
 being vaccinated. This will ensure students can safely return to schools=
 and those whom they interact with could also be protected by extension. W=
HO is working closely with the MoPH to ensure that the vaccination for oth=
er priority groups could begin soon. To scale-up the efforts=2C 2=2C000 ne=
wly recruited vaccinators are planned for WHO supported training this mont=
h=2C=E2=80=9D said Dr David Lai=2C WHO Officer in Charge.

Humanitarian Needs and Response Planning: The Afghanistan Humanitarian Res=
ponse Plan (HRP) for 2018-2021 2020 Year End Monitoring Report (https://re=
liefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-humanitarian-response-plan-2018=
-2021-2020-year-end-monitoring-report) was published on 17 March with part=
ners reaching 11.7 million people in 2020=2C exceeding planned reach. Over=
all partners reached 4.68m people with COVID-19 specific support in 2020.=
 Humanitarian needs driven and exacerbated by conflict=2C natural disaster=
s and the multi-dimensional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continue to af=
fect millions of people in Afghanistan in 2021. While the immediate respon=
se to COVID-19 focused largely on the health and hygiene impacts of the pa=
ndemic=2C humanitarian partners quickly adjusted approaches to respond to=
 the pandemic's secondary impacts on protection=2C food security and livel=
ihoods=2C nutrition=2C and education. In response=2C partners have scaled-=
up their capacity to respond via new approaches that are
more suited to operations within this demanding environment.

The revised Afghanistan Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) for 2018-2021 (ht=
tps://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/fi=
les/documents/files/afg_humanitarian_response_plan_2018_2021_jan_2021.pdf)=
 identifies 18.4 million people in humanitarian need in 2021=2C as a resul=
t of COVID-19=2C ongoing conflict and natural disasters. Approximately six=
 times the number of people are in need of humanitarian assistance in 2021=
 compared to four years ago when the multi-year HRP was first developed.

Against this backdrop=2C the La Ni=C3=B1a event is causing below average p=
recipitation=2C thin snowpack and above average temperatures in most parts=
 of the country and it is expected that farmers and pastoralists will be n=
egatively affected=2C as well as water availability. Recognising the multi=
ple=2C overlapping challenges facing the people of Afghanistan as spring a=
pproaches =E2=80=93 including low rainfall =2C intensifying conflict=2C an=
d ongoing COVID-19 challenges =E2=80=93 the ICCT conducted a multi-sectora=
l analysis (https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-spring-di=
saster-contingency-plan-mar-jun-2021) of likely needs across highly-impact=
ed provinces and has published a Spring Disaster Contingency Plan identify=
ing the most urgent needs.

Contributions: The World Bank (https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/ne=
w-grants-spur-afghanistan-covid-19-vaccine-rollout) announced on 18 March=
 that it has approved $60 million from the International Development Assoc=
iation (IDA) to help the Afghanistan Government purchase and deploy safe a=
nd effective COVID-19 vaccines and strengthen its national program to ensu=
re quick and fair access to health services and vaccinations.  The total a=
dditional financing of $113 million to Afghanistan's COVID-19 Emergency Re=
sponse and Health Systems Preparedness Project also includes a $50 million=
 grant from the Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund (ARTF) and a $3 mill=
ion grant from the Energy Sector Management Program (ESMAP). The funding p=
ackage will help vaccinations reach more than 17 per cent of Afghans=2C im=
prove essential medical services=2C and support Afghanistan's recovery fro=
m the pandemic. Afghanistan's overall COVID-19 vaccination efforts include=
 an agreement with COVAX to vaccinate 20 percent
of Afghans. Further support from the Asian Development Bank is expected to=
 fund the purchase vaccines for an additional 11 per cent of the Afghan pe=
ople. With the World Bank's additional financing package=2C funding will h=
ave been provided to purchase enough vaccines to cover almost half of the=
 population of Afghanistan.

Cross Border:

Border Crossings: The Milak (Nimroz) and Islam Qala-Dogharoon (Hirat) cros=
sings with Iran are officially open to commercial traffic and movement of=
 documented Afghanistan nationals. Since the start of this year=2C a histo=
rically significant influx of 163=2C527 people have returned to Afghanista=
n=2C sparking new concerns related to the transmission of COVID-19 variant=
s and overall absorption capacity of existing health resources. A sharp dr=
op in remittances to Afghanistan has also been observed as well as the neg=
ative socio-economic impacts linked to the return.

Afghanistan=E2=80=99s border with Pakistan at Spin Boldak officially opene=
d on 21 August 2020 and at Torkham on 28 September 2020. As of 12 February=
 2021=2C Torkham gate will be open 6 days a week (Monday-Saturday). Sunday=
 is closed for pedestrians but will remain open for transit (24/7). Previo=
usly=2C Torkham border crossing was only open four days a week.

Reports from Returnees: According to UNHCR=E2=80=99s latest border monitor=
ing report (https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNHC=
R%20Afghanistan%20-%20Border%20Monitoring%20Report%20_FEB2021.pdf) (coveri=
ng the month of February 2021)=2C 38 per cent of returnees interviewed at=
 the Islam Qala and Milak border crossing points and 20 per cent of return=
ees interviewed at the Torkham and Spin Boldak border crossing points said=
 they faced problems during the COVID-19 outbreak in neighbouring countrie=
s=2C such as lost work/wages=2C discrimination/stigmatisation by local com=
munities=2C lack of access to markets=2C pressure from authorities to retu=
rn to Afghanistan=2C movement restrictions related to the lockdown=2C and=
 lack of access to medical services. Close to 100 per cent of respondents=
 returning from Iran and 56 per cent of respondents returning from Pakista=
n stated that they had received information about COVID-19 in the respecti=
ve countries=2C mainly through TV=2C radio=2C religious leaders and local
communities. This figure has slightly declined compared to January 2021 (5=
7 per cent) and December 2020 (60 per cent).

Operational Issues:

Commercial domestic flights are operating. The United Nations Humanitarian=
 Air Service (UNHAS) is flying domestically and has announced an increase=
 in the frequency of flights to five days per week as of 14 February. UNHA=
S will continue to support any required evacuation and relocation flights=
 during all days of the week.

International commercial air travel continues with Air Arabia=2C Ariana Ai=
rlines=2C Kam Air=2C Emirates Airlines and Turkish Airlines providing roun=
d-trip international flight services to/from Kabul. Turkish Airlines has r=
esumed flights between Istanbul and Kabul with seven flights per week. Sim=
ilarly=2C Turkish Airlines will carried out three flights  per week to Maz=
ar-e-Sharif. Given the potential for airlines to change their flight sched=
ules=2C passengers are encouraged to check with their airline for the late=
st advisories.
Click here to subscribe (http://eepurl.com/ydXVr) to future COVID-19 updat=
es and other OCHA products.
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=09=09=09
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                <table align=3D"left" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0" style=3D"max-width: 100%;min-width: 100%;border-collapse: col=
lapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 10=
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=09=09=09=09

<a href=3D"https://humanitarianresponse.us4.li=
st-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3Dbfc31e8be3&e=
=3D378d750ef4" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-=
ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;fo=
nt-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">Download the full update&nb=
sp;=C2=BB</a>
                        </td>
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=09=09=09=09

<span style=3D"color:#427FBF"><strong>Situatio=
n Overview:</strong></span><br>
<br>
<strong>Global Update:</strong> According to <a href=3D"https://humanitari=
anresponse.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&i=
d=3Da7e9cec11a&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms=
-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font=
-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">John Hopkins University</a>=
=2C more than 2.7 million people have now died with COVID-19 across the wo=
rld. The pandemic is affecting 192 countries with more than 124 million co=
nfirmed cases globally=2C as of 25 March. <a href=3D"https://humanitarianr=
esponse.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=
=3D8828116532&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-=
text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-=
weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">WHO report</a>s that while the=
 emergence of new virus variants is common=2C those with higher speed of t=
ransmission or potentially increased pathogenicity (i.e. the capacity of a=
 microbe to cause damage in a host) are very concerning. Crucial investiga=
tions are underway to comprehensively understand the behaviour of the new=
 virus mutation (B117) and steer the response accordingly.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<strong>Afghanistan: </strong>As of 25 March=2C <a href=3D"https://humanit=
arianresponse.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef=
4&id=3Df4b60f3aea&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;=
-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;f=
ont-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">MoPH data</a> shows that <=
strong>56=2C226 people</strong> across all 34 provinces in Afghanistan<str=
ong> are confirmed to have had COVID-19</strong>. Some <strong>49=2C802 pe=
ople have recovered</strong>=2C and <strong>2=2C467 people have died</stro=
ng> =E2=80=93 at least 91 of whom are healthcare workers. Only <strong>335=
=2C965 people</strong> out of a population of 40.4 million <strong>have be=
en tested</strong>. Afghanistan now has a test-positivity-rate =E2=80=93 p=
ositive tests as a percentage of total tests =E2=80=93 of close to 17 per=
 cent=2C suggesting overall under-testing of potential cases. The majority=
 of recorded deaths were men between the ages of 50 and 79. Men account fo=
r almost 67 per cent of the total COVID-19 confirmed cases in the MoPH dat=
a=2C although this may be the result of over-representation of men in test=
ing. Due to limited public health resources and testing capacity=2C lack o=
f people coming forward for testing=2C as well as the absence of a nationa=
l death register=2C confirmed cases of and deaths from COVID-19 are likely=
 to be under-reported overall in Afghanistan. Stigma is considered a major=
 factor in people choosing not to get tests and risk communications work i=
s critical to turning this around. WHO warns that widespread complacency a=
nd failure to follow public health advice in Afghanistan is creating grave=
 risks in the community with people generally not observing physical dista=
ncing or mask wearing protocols. WHO Afghanistan remains concerned about m=
utations of the virus.&nbsp; There is significant increase in cases in Pak=
istan with the new variant which is potential more infectious and affect y=
ounger population.&nbsp; The Ministry of Public Health is preparing contin=
gencies for a potential third wave which included scaling up surveillance=
 at the border and improving testing.<br>
<br>

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=09=09=09=09

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</table><table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"1=
00%" class=3D"mcnTextBlock" style=3D"min-width: 100%;border-collapse: coll=
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    <tbody class=3D"mcnTextBlockOuter">
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            <td valign=3D"top" class=3D"mcnTextBlockInner" style=3D"paddin=
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              =09
=09=09=09
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0%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" width=3D"100%" class=3D"mcnTextContent=
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Almost 8 per cent of the total confirmed COVID=
-19 cases are among healthcare staff and they are currently the highest pr=
iority for vaccination. There is urgent need to ensure continued distribut=
ion of medical and protective equipment to all corners of the country. Whi=
le 22 laboratories are now operating in Afghanistan =E2=80=93 with plans t=
o scale-up to at least one laboratory per province by June 2021 =E2=80=93=
 the capacity of these facilities remains limited and stocks of supplies h=
ave periodically run out. National capacity for COVID-19 testing has reach=
ed 8=2C500 samples a day however these laboratories are not being fully ut=
ilised. Humanitarian partners urge the Government to ensure laboratories a=
re appropriately equipped=2C staff receive timely remuneration and that pr=
ocured supplies go to under-resourced health centres in a transparent mann=
er so that life-saving support can be delivered to those most in need.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<strong>Vaccination:</strong>&nbsp;The <a href=3D"https://humanitarianresp=
onse.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3Dbf=
b1c8f988&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-=
size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-weigh=
t: normal;text-decoration: underline;">first batch</a> of COVID-19 vaccina=
tions through the COVAX facility =E2=80=93 consisting of 468=2C000 doses=
 =E2=80=93 arrived on 8 March. Afghanistan is the first country in central=
 Asia to receive the vaccine via COVAX =E2=80=93 a facility that is set to=
 deliver at least 2 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines globally by the end=
 of 2021. To date=2C Afghanistan has received 968=2C000 doses of the vacci=
ne =E2=80=93 468=2C000 from the COVAX facility and 500=2C000 directly from=
 the government of India--enabling the vaccination of some 484=2C000 peopl=
e. There remains some concern=2C however=2C around the perceived low deman=
d among healthcare workers and the equitable access of vaccine among all A=
fghans.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<strong>Socio-economic impacts:</strong> The socio-economic impacts of COV=
ID-19 have translated into a dramatic deterioration in food insecurity wit=
h levels now similar to those seen during the 2018 drought. An estimated 1=
6.9 million people are now in crisis or emergency levels of food insecurit=
y. The current climate outlook is also worrying with reduced precipitation=
 and higher temperatures potentially affecting farmers and pastoralists=2C=
 as well as water availability over the next few months. Food prices are a=
lready at elevated levels due to COVID-19 and are likely to increase furth=
er if the current weather patterns persist. According to WFP=E2=80=99s mar=
ket monitoring=2C the average wheat flour price (low price and high price)=
 increased by 12 per cent between 14 March 2020 and the second week of Mar=
ch 2021=2C while the cost of pulses=2C sugar=2C cooking oil and rice (low=
 quality) increased by 26 per cent=2C 20 per cent=2C 58 per cent=2C and 21=
 per cent=2C respectively=2C over the same period. These price increases a=
re accompanied by declining purchasing power for casual labourers and past=
oralists =E2=80=93 which has deteriorated by almost 19 per cent and 20 per=
 cent=2C respectively (compared to 14 March 2020). These factors=2C combin=
ed with COVID-19 related interruptions to informal employment and decrease=
d remittances=2C are driving people into crippling debt. Data from the 202=
0 Whole of Afghanistan Assessment showed that the primary reason for takin=
g on this debt last year was to pay for food (53 per cent).<br>
&nbsp;
<table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"border-collapse: colla=
pse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%=
;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
=09<tbody>
=09=09<tr>
=09=09=09<td style=3D"background-color: #D6E7F9;padding: 15px;mso-line-hei=
ght-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100=
%;">
=09=09=09<div><strong><a href=3D"https://humanitarianresponse.us4.list-man=
age.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3D94f9a9c750&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%=
;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-weight: normal;text-de=
coration: underline;">Teachers in schools and universities set to receive=
 the COVAX COVID-19 vaccine - WHO</a></strong><br>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09With&nbsp;<a href=3D"https://humanitarianresponse.us4.list-manage=
=2Ecom/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3D8f010e7a69&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-w=
ebkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-weight: normal;text-decor=
ation: underline;">schools re-opening on 21 March</a>=2C the Ministry of P=
ublic Health has prioritized teachers to receive the COVID-19 vaccine so t=
hat schools stay open=2C teachers stay safe and children keep learning.&nb=
sp;<br>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09COVAX =E2=80=93 a coalition of partners including the Coalition f=
or Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)=2C Gavi=2C the Vaccine Allianc=
e=2C UNICEF and WHO =E2=80=93 was created to ensure that as COVID-19 vacci=
nes are rolled out around the world=2C the process is done fairly so that=
 all countries=2C especially the poorest=2C receive vaccines and are bette=
r able to protect their most vulnerable populations.&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09COVAX has shipped 468=2C000 doses of the COVISHIELD vaccine from=
 the AstraZeneca Serum Institute of India in Mumbai to Afghanistan. The de=
livery is part of a first wave of arrivals that will continue in the comin=
g weeks and months.&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on the world and children=
 have paid the highest price as school doors shut and students were denied=
 their right to education and=2C in many cases=2C protection.&nbsp; Last y=
ear in Afghanistan=2C nationwide school closures disrupted the learning of=
 almost 10 million children. The longer children remain out of school=2C t=
he less likely they are to return.&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09Vaccinating teachers is a critical step towards making sure schoo=
ls reopen=2C stay open=2C children return to class and lessons commence.&n=
bsp; =E2=80=9CWhen schools closed last year=2C children=E2=80=99s worlds s=
hrunk. Learning was lessened. Play was paused. Friendships faltered. And f=
utures were compromised =E2=80=93 we saw children forced into dangerous la=
bour and girls into early marriage=2C=E2=80=9D said Sheema Sen Gupta=2C Re=
presentative a.i=2C UNICEF Afghanistan. =E2=80=9CTogether=2C we=E2=80=99ll=
 get Afghanistan=E2=80=99s children back to their books=2C their friends a=
nd their studies - the foundation of every strong nation.=E2=80=9D&nbsp;<b=
r>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09Last month the Government of Afghanistan received 500 000 doses o=
f COVID-19 vaccine from India. These were administrated to frontline healt=
h workers=2C under the leadership of the Ministry of Public Health.&nbsp;=
 =E2=80=9CEnsuring the safety and health of our compatriots is one of our=
 highest priorities. The COVID-19 vaccine being rolled out in Afghanistan=
 has gone through rigorous reviews and testing and is safe for use=2C said=
 Dr Wahid Majrooh=2C acting Minister of the Ministry of Public Health. =E2=
=80=9CThe start of the new academic year is due and the only way to assure=
 the safety of teachers is through administering the vaccine=2C=E2=80=9D h=
e added.&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09=E2=80=9CWHO is delighted that teachers are among the key priorit=
y groups being vaccinated. This will ensure students can safely return to=
 schools and those whom they interact with could also be protected by exte=
nsion. WHO is working closely with the MoPH to ensure that the vaccination=
 for other priority groups could begin soon. To scale-up the efforts=2C 2=
=2C000 newly recruited vaccinators are planned for WHO supported training=
 this month=2C=E2=80=9D said Dr David Lai=2C WHO Officer in Charge.</div>
=09=09=09</td>
=09=09</tr>
=09</tbody>
</table>
&nbsp;<br clear=3D"ALL">
<strong>Humanitarian Needs and Response Planning:</strong> The Afghanistan=
 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) for 2018-2021 <a href=3D"https://humanit=
arianresponse.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef=
4&id=3D155ed3ece5&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;=
-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;f=
ont-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">2020 Year End Monitoring R=
eport</a> was published on 17 March with partners reaching 11.7 million pe=
ople in 2020=2C exceeding planned reach. Overall partners reached 4.68m pe=
ople with COVID-19 specific support in 2020. Humanitarian needs driven and=
 exacerbated by conflict=2C natural disasters and the multi-dimensional im=
pact of the COVID-19 pandemic continue to affect millions of people in Afg=
hanistan in 2021. While the immediate response to COVID-19 focused largely=
 on the health and hygiene impacts of the pandemic=2C humanitarian partner=
s quickly adjusted approaches to respond to the pandemic's secondary impac=
ts on protection=2C food security and livelihoods=2C nutrition=2C and educ=
ation. In response=2C partners have scaled-up their capacity to respond vi=
a new approaches that are more suited to operations within this demanding=
 environment.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
The revised <a href=3D"https://humanitarianresponse.us4.list-manage.com/tr=
ack/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3Def9b09603d&e=3D378d750ef4" s=
tyle=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-t=
ext-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-weight: normal;text-decoration:=
 underline;">Afghanistan Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) for 2018-2021</a=
> identifies 18.4 million people in humanitarian need in 2021=2C as a resu=
lt of COVID-19=2C ongoing conflict and natural disasters. Approximately si=
x times the number of people are in need of humanitarian assistance in 202=
1 compared to four years ago when the multi-year HRP was first developed.<=
br>
&nbsp;<br>
Against this backdrop=2C the La Ni=C3=B1a event is causing below average p=
recipitation=2C thin snowpack and above average temperatures in most parts=
 of the country and it is expected that farmers and pastoralists will be n=
egatively affected=2C as well as water availability. Recognising the multi=
ple=2C overlapping challenges facing the people of Afghanistan as spring a=
pproaches =E2=80=93 including low rainfall =2C intensifying conflict=2C an=
d ongoing COVID-19 challenges =E2=80=93 the ICCT conducted a <a href=3D"ht=
tps://humanitarianresponse.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b=
6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3D790f3bc3d5&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-r=
ule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;col=
or: #418fde;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">multi-sectora=
l analysis</a> of likely needs across highly-impacted provinces and has pu=
blished a Spring Disaster Contingency Plan identifying the most urgent nee=
ds.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<strong>Contributions</strong>: The <a href=3D"https://humanitarianrespons=
e.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3Db3414=
39761&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-siz=
e-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-weight:=
 normal;text-decoration: underline;">World Bank</a> announced on 18 March=
 that it has approved $60 million from the International Development Assoc=
iation (IDA) to help the Afghanistan Government purchase and deploy safe a=
nd effective COVID-19 vaccines and strengthen its national program to ensu=
re quick and fair access to health services and vaccinations.&nbsp; The to=
tal additional financing of $113 million to Afghanistan's COVID-19 Emergen=
cy Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project also includes a $50 mi=
llion grant from the Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund (ARTF) and a $3=
 million grant from the Energy Sector Management Program (ESMAP). The fund=
ing package will help vaccinations reach more than 17 per cent of Afghans=
=2C improve essential medical services=2C and support Afghanistan's recove=
ry from the pandemic. Afghanistan's overall COVID-19 vaccination efforts i=
nclude an agreement with COVAX to vaccinate 20 percent of Afghans. Further=
 support from the Asian Development Bank is expected to fund the purchase=
 vaccines for an additional 11 per cent of the Afghan people. With the Wor=
ld Bank's additional financing package=2C funding will have been provided=
 to purchase enough vaccines to cover almost half of the population of Afg=
hanistan.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<span style=3D"color:#427FBF"><strong>Cross Border:</strong></span><br>
<br>
<strong>Border Crossings:</strong> The Milak (Nimroz) and Islam Qala-Dogha=
roon (Hirat) crossings with Iran are officially open to commercial traffic=
 and movement of documented Afghanistan nationals. Since the start of this=
 year=2C a historically significant influx of 163=2C527 people have return=
ed to Afghanistan=2C sparking new concerns related to the transmission of=
 COVID-19 variants and overall absorption capacity of existing health reso=
urces. A sharp drop in remittances to Afghanistan has also been observed a=
s well as the negative socio-economic impacts linked to the return.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
Afghanistan=E2=80=99s border with Pakistan at Spin Boldak officially opene=
d on 21 August 2020 and at Torkham on 28 September 2020. As of 12 February=
 2021=2C Torkham gate will be open 6 days a week (Monday-Saturday). Sunday=
 is closed for pedestrians but will remain open for transit (24/7). Previo=
usly=2C Torkham border crossing was only open four days a week.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<strong>Reports from Returnees</strong>: According to UNHCR=E2=80=99s late=
st <a href=3D"https://humanitarianresponse.us4.list-manage.com/track/click=
?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3D67af6d2724&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"m=
so-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-=
adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline=
;">border monitoring report</a> (covering the month of February 2021)=2C 3=
8 per cent of returnees interviewed at the Islam Qala and Milak border cro=
ssing points and 20 per cent of returnees interviewed at the Torkham and S=
pin Boldak border crossing points said they faced problems during the COVI=
D-19 outbreak in neighbouring countries=2C such as lost work/wages=2C disc=
rimination/stigmatisation by local communities=2C lack of access to market=
s=2C pressure from authorities to return to Afghanistan=2C movement restri=
ctions related to the lockdown=2C and lack of access to medical services.=
 Close to 100 per cent of respondents returning from Iran and 56 per cent=
 of respondents returning from Pakistan stated that they had received info=
rmation about COVID-19 in the respective countries=2C mainly through TV=2C=
 radio=2C religious leaders and local communities. This figure has slightl=
y declined compared to January 2021 (57 per cent) and December 2020 (60 pe=
r cent).<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<span style=3D"color:#427FBF"><strong>Operational Issues:</strong></span><=
br>
<br>
Commercial domestic flights are operating. The United Nations Humanitarian=
 Air Service (UNHAS) is flying domestically and has announced an increase=
 in the frequency of flights to five days per week as of 14 February. UNHA=
S will continue to support any required evacuation and relocation flights=
 during all days of the week.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
International commercial air travel continues with Air Arabia=2C Ariana Ai=
rlines=2C Kam Air=2C Emirates Airlines and Turkish Airlines providing roun=
d-trip international flight services to/from Kabul. Turkish Airlines has r=
esumed flights between Istanbul and Kabul with seven flights per week. Sim=
ilarly=2C Turkish Airlines will carried out three flights &nbsp;per week t=
o Mazar-e-Sharif. Given the potential for airlines to change their flight=
 schedules=2C passengers are encouraged to check with their airline for th=
e latest advisories.<br>

                        </td>
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                </tbody></table>
=09=09=09=09

=09=09=09=09
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table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100=
%;">
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t-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
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Container">
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=09=09=09=09

=09=09=09=09
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=09=09=09=09

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