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AFGHANISTAN
COVID-19 | Strategic Situation Report No. 91 | 25 February 2021

Download =C2=BB https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghan=
istan/document/afghanistan-flash-update-covid-19-strategic-situation-repor=
t-no-91

The next Strategic Situation Report will be released on 25 March 2021

Situation Overview:

Global Update: According to John Hopkins University (https://gisanddata.ma=
ps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ec=
f6) =2C more than 2.6 million people have now died with COVID-19. The pand=
emic is affecting 192 countries with more than 118 million confirmed cases=
 globally=2C as of 11 March. WHO report (https://reliefweb.int/report/worl=
d/who-urges-greater-surveillance-new-covid-19-variants-emerge) s that whil=
e the emergence of new virus variants is common=2C those with higher speed=
 of transmission or potentially increased pathogenicity (i.e. the capacity=
 of a microbe to cause damage in a host) are very concerning. Crucial inve=
stigations are underway to comprehensively understand the behaviour of the=
 new virus mutation (B117) and steer the response accordingly.

MOPH Figures: As of 11 March=2C MoPH data (https://moph-dw.gov.af/dhis-web=
-commons/security/login.action#/) shows that 55=2C917 people across all 34=
 provinces in Afghanistan are confirmed to have had COVID-19. Some 49=2C44=
4 people have recovered=2C and 2=2C451 people have died =E2=80=93 at least=
 91 of whom are healthcare workers. Only 314=2C516 people out of a populat=
ion of 40.4 million have been tested. Afghanistan now has a test-positivit=
y-rate =E2=80=93 positive tests as a percentage of total tests =E2=80=93 o=
f close to 18 per cent=2C suggesting overall under-testing of potential ca=
ses. The majority of recorded deaths were men between the ages of 50 and 7=
9. Men account for almost 67 per cent of the total COVID-19 confirmed case=
s in the MoPH data=2C although this may be the result of over-representati=
on of men in testing. Due to limited public health resources and testing c=
apacity=2C lack of people coming forward for testing=2C as well as the abs=
ence of a national death register=2C confirmed cases of and deaths from CO=
VID-19 are
likely to be under-reported overall in Afghanistan. Stigma is considered a=
 major factor in people choosing not to get tests and risk communications=
 work is critical to turning this around. Stigma is considered a major fac=
tor in people choosing not to get tests and risk communications work is cr=
itical to turning this around. WHO warns that widespread complacency and f=
ailure to follow public health advice is creating grave risks in the commu=
nity with people generally not observing physical distancing or mask weari=
ng protocols. WHO Afghanistan remains concerned about mutations of the vir=
us and suspects that it is currently present in Afghanistan=2C making prev=
entative measures even more important.

Almost 8 per cent of the total confirmed COVID-19 cases are among healthca=
re staff and they are currently the highest priority for vaccination. Ther=
e is urgent need to ensure continued distribution of medical and protectiv=
e equipment to all corners of the country. While 22 laboratories are now o=
perating in Afghanistan =E2=80=93 with plans to scale up to at least one l=
aboratory per province by June 2021 =E2=80=93 the capacity of these facili=
ties remains limited and stocks of supplies have periodically run out. Nat=
ional capacity for COVID-19 testing has reached 8=2C500 samples a day howe=
ver these laboratories are not being fully utilised. Humanitarian partners=
 urge the Government to ensure laboratories are appropriately equipped=2C=
 staff receive timely remuneration and that procured supplies go to under-=
resourced health centres in a transparent manner so that life-saving suppo=
rt can be delivered to those most in need.

Vaccination: The first batch (https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/cov=
id-19-vaccines-shipped-covax-arrive-afghanistan) of COVID-19 vaccinations=
 through the COVAX facility =E2=80=93 consisting of 468=2C000 doses =E2=80=
=93 arrived on 8 March. The arrival in Kabul marks a milestone moment. Afg=
hanistan is the first country in central Asia to receive the vaccine via t=
he COVAX =E2=80=93 the facility that is set to deliver at least 2 billion=
 doses of COVID-19 vaccines globally by the end of 2021. In addition to 46=
8=2C000 doses of vaccines=2C 470=2C000 syringes and 4=2C700 safety boxes w=
ere also part of the shipment. UNICEF will be notified in the coming days=
 about the total allocation of doses to Afghanistan through the COVAX faci=
lity for the first half of 2021. Further discussions are also underway wit=
h China on potential donation of additional vaccines. To support the vacci=
nation campaign=2C UNICEF has developed and printed registration (vaccine=
 card=2C recording and reporting formats) and communication material for s=
ome 1.5
million COVID-19 vaccine doses. In addition to registration and communicat=
ion material=2C UNICEF has distributed vaccines=2C syringes and safety box=
es to all 34 provinces. To date=2C Afghanistan has received 968=2C000 dose=
s of the vaccine=2C enabling the vaccination of some 484=2C000 people.

Socio-economic impacts: The socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 have transl=
ated into a dramatic deterioration in food insecurity with levels now simi=
lar to those seen during the 2018 drought. An estimated 16.9 million peopl=
e are in crisis or emergency levels of food insecurity through March. The=
 current climate outlook is also worrying with reduced precipitation and h=
igher temperatures potentially affecting farmers and pastoralists=2C as we=
ll as water availability over the next few months. Food prices are already=
 at elevated levels due to COVID-19 and are likely to increase further if=
 the current weather patterns persist. According to WFP=E2=80=99s market m=
onitoring=2C the average wheat flour price (low price and high price) incr=
eased by 12 per cent between 14 March 2020 and the first week of March 202=
1=2C while the cost of pulses=2C sugar=2C cooking oil and rice (low qualit=
y) increased by 25 per cent=2C 21 per cent=2C 58 per cent=2C and 21 per ce=
nt=2C respectively=2C over the same period. Sharp rises over the last few=
 weeks are thought to be connected with transport interruptions in various=
 part of the country. These price increases are accompanied by declining p=
urchasing power for casual labourers and pastoralists =E2=80=93 which has=
 deteriorated by almost 19 per cent and 20 per cent=2C respectively (compa=
red to 14 March 2020). These factors=2C combined with COVID-19 related int=
erruptions to informal employment and decreased remittances=2C are driving=
 people into crippling debt. Data from the 2020 Whole of Afghanistan Asses=
sment shows that the primary reason for taking on this debt last year was=
 to pay for food (53 per cent).

In Afghanistan=E2=80=99s Fight Against COVID-19=2C Women in Lab Coats Lead=
 the Way - IOM (5 March 2021) (https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/af=
ghanistan-s-fight-against-covid-19-women-lab-coats-lead-way)

KABUL =E2=80=93 In the last year the world has reckoned with the sacrifice=
 made by many health workers =E2=80=93 doctors=2C nurses=2C lab technician=
s and others =E2=80=93 risking their lives daily to care for the sick=2C a=
s the COVID-19 pandemic claims millions of lives. Everywhere=2C health wor=
kers on the front lines are at the highest risk of being exposed to COVID-=
19 infection=2C but=2C in Afghanistan=2C they face additional threats due=
 to conflict=2C disaster and insecurity.

This has not dissuaded dozens of women on IOM health teams (https://relief=
web.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-s-fight-against-covid-19-women-lab-=
coats-lead-way) from donning masks=2C gloves=2C and lab coats and going to=
 work.  Every day.  =E2=80=9CI know that the coronavirus disease is very d=
angerous for me and my family=2C=E2=80=9D said Dr Afsana=2C who works with=
 IOM in western Hirat province. =E2=80=9CBut I still come here to work for=
 my people because I am motivated to help those in need. There is simply n=
owhere else they can go to be tested or receive care for this disease.=E2=
=80=9D  Like hundreds of thousands of health-care workers across the world=
=2C she contracted COVID-19 a few months ago. Luckily=2C she recovered and=
 is now back on the front lines helping others.

Afsana serves as a doctor on one of IOM=E2=80=99s 18 Rapid Response Teams=
=2C which move throughout four of Afghanistan=E2=80=99s provinces with the=
 highest number of migrant returns from Iran and Pakistan=2C offering heal=
th-care services=2C COVID-19 sample collection and risk communication to c=
urb the spread of transmission in underserved communities.  Among the peop=
le they serve are the over one million Afghans who have returned home from=
 Pakistan or Iran during the past year.

Nooria=2C 24=2C screens returning Afghan migrants for COVID-19 at IOM=E2=
=80=99s reception centre on the border with Pakistan. =E2=80=9CMost people=
 coming back from Pakistan do not have enough information about COVID-19.=
 We don=E2=80=99t want to scare them=2C but we screen them for symptoms an=
d provide the necessary information to keep them safe when they arrive=2C=
=E2=80=9D explained Nooria. =E2=80=9CWe advise them to wash their hands=2C=
 keep physical distance from others and avoid crowded areas=2C which can p=
rotect them and their families.=E2=80=9D  =E2=80=9CThis is important for t=
he safety of communities=2C because if one person is infected with COVID-1=
9 and then continues their journey onward into Afghanistan=2C it can put o=
thers at risk=2C=E2=80=9D Nooria added.

Many of the returning migrants have exhausted their savings and taken on s=
ignificant debt=2C just to get home. Often=2C health care is unaffordable=
 for returnees who find themselves settling in areas where the nearest cli=
nic may be dozens of kilometres away=2C and people internally displaced by=
 conflict or recurring annual climate events face similar barriers to acce=
ssing care.

=E2=80=9CCOVID-19 is a really big problem in an informal settlement like t=
his because many people are living in one room together=2C so isolation or=
 physical distancing is not possible. They don=E2=80=99t even have enough=
 money to go to the hospital=E2=80=9D=2C explained Dr Rahima=2C a doctor a=
t IOM=E2=80=99s mobile health clinic in an informal settlement for interna=
lly displaced persons (IDPs) in Hirat province.

Ensuring gender parity on IOM=E2=80=99s health teams is crucial. Women lik=
e Dr Rahima make up 50 per cent of IOM=E2=80=99s health-care teams and are=
 at the core of IOM=E2=80=99s efforts to screen=2C educate and prevent the=
 spread of the disease.  =E2=80=9CWe continue to see a rising number of wo=
men coming to us for COVID-19 information and screening because they are t=
he ones staying home and taking responsibility for the health of their fam=
ilies=2C=E2=80=9D said Dr Salma at a health education session she led at a=
 women=E2=80=99s community meeting in an underserved rural area on the out=
skirts of Hirat city.  She notes that the pandemic has affected women diff=
erently. Particularly as they are more likely to contract the disease from=
 family members. Many spend the majority of their time caring for loved on=
es at home staying indoors attending to large inter-generational families=
=2C in one- or two-room dwellings=2C and caring for the elderly who tend t=
o be more severely affected by the disease.

According to Dr Salma and other IOM health staff=2C most women in Afghanis=
tan are unable to seek care in facilities where only male medical staff ar=
e present.  =E2=80=9CWomen need to be central to the COVID-19 response bec=
ause other women trust us. We understand the culture and we respect the co=
nfidentiality of women=E2=80=99s health issues and their histories=2C=E2=
=80=9D she explained.  =E2=80=9CWomen would never go to a male doctor due=
 to cultural sensitivities. This is changing gradually=2C now that we have=
 female staff with whom women can openly discuss their health. We can go f=
reely to their homes and they feel safe to speak with us=2C=E2=80=9D added=
 Dr Halima=2C who works in an IDP settlement in south-eastern Kandahar pro=
vince=2C on the other side of the country.

Women like Rahima=2C Nooria=2C Halima=2C Salma and Afsana have provided a=
 lifeline to other women who have been typically left out of receiving the=
 most basic health services.  These women also look forward to the day whe=
n their influence will positively contribute to the roll-out of COVID-19 v=
accines=2C which have started to arrive in Afghanistan=2C to ensure greate=
r vaccine access and equitable distribution to those most in need=2C inclu=
ding women and girls in the communities where they work.  =E2=80=9CGetting=
 the vaccine to places like these is extremely important=2C to people who=
 live in poverty=2C who don=E2=80=99t have sanitation services=2C who lack=
 education; they need to be among the first in line=2C=E2=80=9D concluded=
 Dr Rahima.  Not only have they filled a glaring gap in Afghanistan=E2=80=
=99s health response=2C but they also serve as role models for younger wom=
en who aim to have a career in medicine.  =E2=80=9CThe first thing women n=
eed to do to become leaders is to become educated=2C and then to be brave=
 and have the courage to work. I=E2=80=99m
very proud to have this duty and to serve my people=2C=E2=80=9D said Noori=
a.

Humanitarian Needs and Response Planning: The revised Afghanistan Humanita=
rian Response Plan (HRP) for 2018- 2021 (https://www.humanitarianresponse.=
info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/afg_humanit=
arian_response_plan_2018_2021_jan_2021.pdf) identifies 18.4 million people=
 in humanitarian need in 2021=2C as a result of COVID-19=2C ongoing confli=
ct and natural disasters. Approximately six times the number of people are=
 in need of humanitarian assistance in 2021 compared to four years ago whe=
n the multi-year HRP was first developed. The health and socio-economic im=
pacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have seen the number of people in need almo=
st double in the past year alone. Afghanistan now has the second highest n=
umber of people in emergency food insecurity in the world (5.5 million)=2C=
 while nearly one in two children under-five will face acute malnutrition=
 in 2021.

Against this backdrop=2C the La Ni=C3=B1a event is causing below average p=
recipitation=2C thin snowpack and above average temperatures in most parts=
 of the country and it is expected that farmers and pastoralists will be n=
egatively affected=2C as well as water availability. Recognising the multi=
ple=2C overlapping challenges facing the people of Afghanistan as spring a=
pproaches =E2=80=93 including a potential La Ni=C3=B1a-driven drought=2C i=
ntensifying conflict=2C and ongoing COVID-19 challenges =E2=80=93 the ICCT=
 conducted a multi-sectoral analysis (https://reliefweb.int/report/afghani=
stan/afghanistan-spring-disaster-contingency-plan-mar-jun-2021) of likely=
 needs across highly-impacted provinces. Carrying out a multi-dimensional=
 analysis across these wide-ranging indicators acknowledges that the envir=
onmental impacts of any potential drought will collide with other pre-exis=
ting vulnerabilities =E2=80=93 including COVID-19 =E2=80=93 impacting on p=
eople=E2=80=99s capacity to cope with new shocks and exacerbating existing=
 humanitarian needs. The intent
of the plan is to highlight specific risks and the most urgent needs facin=
g at-risk provinces from March-June=2C as currently projected.

Pipeline Tracking: The Afghanistan ICCT Pipeline Tracking Report (https://=
reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-icct-pipeline-tracking-report=
-mar-jun-2021-04-mar-2021) was published on 4 March 2021. Due to the ongoi=
ng impact of the COVID-19 pandemic=2C many countries continue to be affect=
ed by global supply shortages which may affect procurement lead times for=
 key items. Humanitarians emphasise the critical importance of maintaining=
 a reliable flow of traffic for humanitarian cargo and advocate for expedi=
ted movement of humanitarian relief items through border crossings.

Contributions: The World Food Programme (https://reliefweb.int/report/afgh=
anistan/japan-provides-us110-million-food-assistance-most-vulnerable-peopl=
e-37-countries) in Afghanistan announced on 10 March that it has welcomed=
 a contribution of US$12.9 million from the Government of Japan towards WF=
P=E2=80=99s response for families affected by the economic impact of the C=
OVID-19 pandemic.

Cross Border:

Border Crossings: The Milak (Nimroz) and Islam Qala-Dogharoon (Hirat) cros=
sings with Iran are officially open to commercial traffic and movement of=
 documented Afghanistan nationals. According to the Border Monitoring Team=
 of the Directorate of Refugees and Repatriation (DoRR)=2C a total of 29=
=2C886 Afghanistan nationals returned from Iran through the Milak and Isla=
m Qala border crossing sites between 26 February and 4 March. 13=2C137 peo=
ple returned voluntarily and 16=2C749 were deported. Since the start of th=
e year=2C a historically significant influx of 163=2C527 people have retur=
ned to Afghanistan=2C sparking new concerns related to the transmission of=
 COVID-19 variants and overall absorption capacity of existing health reso=
urces.  A sharp drop in remittances to Afghanistan has also been observed=
 as well as the negative socio-economic impacts linked to the return.

Afghanistan=E2=80=99s border with Pakistan at Spin Boldak officially opene=
d on 21 August 2020 and at Torkham on 28 September 2020. As of 12 February=
 2021=2C Torkham gate will be open 6 days a week (Monday-Saturday). Sunday=
 is closed for pedestrians but will remain open for transit (24/7). Previo=
usly=2C Torkham border crossing was only open four days a week. Between 26=
 February and 4 March 2021=2C a total of 342 undocumented Afghans returned=
 from Pakistan through the Torkham and Spin Boldak borders. 304 people ret=
urned voluntarily and 38 were deported. Returns have been lower during the=
 colder winter months.

Operational Issues:

Commercial domestic flights are operating. The United Nations Humanitarian=
 Air Service (UNHAS) is flying domestically and has announced an increase=
 in the frequency of flights to five days per week as of 14 February. UNHA=
S will continue to support any required evacuation and relocation flights=
 during all days of the week.

International commercial air travel continues with Air Arabia=2C Ariana Ai=
rlines=2C Kam Air=2C Emirates Airlines and Turkish Airlines providing roun=
d-trip international flight services to/from Kabul. Turkish Airlines has r=
esumed flights between Istanbul and Kabul five days a week in February=2C=
 with seven flights per week planned in March. Similarly=2C Turkish Airlin=
es will carry out one flight per week to Mazar-e-Sharif during February=2C=
 with three flights per week planned in March. Given the potential for air=
lines to change their flight schedules=2C passengers are encouraged to che=
ck with their airline for the latest advisories.

Click http://eepurl.com/ydXVr to subscribe to future COVID-19 updates and=
 other OCHA products.

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=09=09=09
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<a href=3D"https://humanitarianresponse.us4.li=
st-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3Dd8510d0add&e=
=3D378d750ef4" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-=
ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;fo=
nt-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">Download the full update&nb=
sp;=C2=BB</a>
                        </td>
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=09=09=09=09

<span style=3D"color:#427FBF"><strong>Situatio=
n Overview:</strong></span><br>
<br>
<strong>Global Update: </strong>According to <a href=3D"https://humanitari=
anresponse.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&i=
d=3D0d825126db&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms=
-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font=
-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">John Hopkins University</a>=
=2C more than 2.6 million people have now died with COVID-19. The pandemic=
 is affecting 192 countries with more than 118 million confirmed cases glo=
bally=2C as of 11 March. <a href=3D"https://humanitarianresponse.us4.list-=
manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3D35775eaf43&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 1=
00%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-weight: normal;text=
-decoration: underline;">WHO report</a>s that while the emergence of new v=
irus variants is common=2C those with higher speed of transmission or pote=
ntially increased pathogenicity (i.e. the capacity of a microbe to cause d=
amage in a host) are very concerning. Crucial investigations are underway=
 to comprehensively understand the behaviour of the new virus mutation (B1=
17) and steer the response accordingly.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<strong>MOPH Figures: </strong>As of 11 March=2C <a href=3D"https://humani=
tarianresponse.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5e=
f4&id=3D803473196f&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly=
;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;=
font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">MoPH data</a> shows that=
 <strong>55=2C917 people across all 34 provinces</strong> in Afghanistan a=
re confirmed to have had COVID-19. Some <strong>49=2C444 people have recov=
ered</strong>=2C and <strong>2=2C451 people have died</strong> =E2=80=93 a=
t least <strong>91 of whom are healthcare workers</strong>. Only <strong>3=
14=2C516 people out of a population of 40.4 million have been tested</stro=
ng>. Afghanistan now has a test-positivity-rate =E2=80=93 positive tests a=
s a percentage of total tests =E2=80=93 of close to 18 per cent=2C suggest=
ing overall under-testing of potential cases. The majority of recorded dea=
ths were men between the ages of 50 and 79. Men account for almost 67 per=
 cent of the total COVID-19 confirmed cases in the MoPH data=2C although t=
his may be the result of over-representation of men in testing. Due to lim=
ited public health resources and testing capacity=2C lack of people coming=
 forward for testing=2C as well as the absence of a national death registe=
r=2C confirmed cases of and deaths from COVID-19 are likely to be under-re=
ported overall in Afghanistan. Stigma is considered a major factor in peop=
le choosing not to get tests and risk communications work is critical to t=
urning this around. Stigma is considered a major factor in people choosing=
 not to get tests and risk communications work is critical to turning this=
 around. WHO warns that widespread complacency and failure to follow publi=
c health advice is creating grave risks in the community with people gener=
ally not observing physical distancing or mask wearing protocols. WHO Afgh=
anistan remains concerned about mutations of the virus and suspects that i=
t is currently present in Afghanistan=2C making preventative measures even=
 more important.<br>

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=09=09=09=09

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                </td>
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    </tbody>
</table><table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"1=
00%" class=3D"mcnTextBlock" style=3D"min-width: 100%;border-collapse: coll=
apse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100=
%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
    <tbody class=3D"mcnTextBlockOuter">
        <tr>
            <td valign=3D"top" class=3D"mcnTextBlockInner" style=3D"paddin=
g-top: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webki=
t-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
              =09
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                <table align=3D"left" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0" style=3D"max-width: 100%;min-width: 100%;border-collapse: col=
lapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 10=
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Almost 8 per cent of the total confirmed COVID=
-19 cases are among healthcare staff and they are currently the highest pr=
iority for vaccination. There is urgent need to ensure continued distribut=
ion of medical and protective equipment to all corners of the country. Whi=
le 22 laboratories are now operating in Afghanistan =E2=80=93 with plans t=
o scale up to at least one laboratory per province by June 2021 =E2=80=93=
 the capacity of these facilities remains limited and stocks of supplies h=
ave periodically run out. National capacity for COVID-19 testing has reach=
ed 8=2C500 samples a day however these laboratories are not being fully ut=
ilised. Humanitarian partners urge the Government to ensure laboratories a=
re appropriately equipped=2C staff receive timely remuneration and that pr=
ocured supplies go to under-resourced health centres in a transparent mann=
er so that life-saving support can be delivered to those most in need.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<strong>Vaccination:</strong> The <strong><a href=3D"https://humanitarianr=
esponse.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=
=3Dd541e4cc79&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-=
text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-=
weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">first batch</a></strong> of CO=
VID-19 vaccinations through the COVAX facility =E2=80=93 consisting of 468=
=2C000 doses =E2=80=93 arrived on 8 March. The arrival in Kabul marks a mi=
lestone moment. Afghanistan is the first country in central Asia to receiv=
e the vaccine via the COVAX =E2=80=93 the facility that is set to deliver=
 at least 2 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines globally by the end of 2021=
=2E In addition to 468=2C000 doses of vaccines=2C 470=2C000 syringes and 4=
=2C700 safety boxes were also part of the shipment. UNICEF will be notifie=
d in the coming days about the total allocation of doses to Afghanistan th=
rough the COVAX facility for the first half of 2021. Further discussions a=
re also underway with China on potential donation of additional vaccines.=
 To support the vaccination campaign=2C UNICEF has developed and printed r=
egistration (vaccine card=2C recording and reporting formats) and communic=
ation material for some 1.5 million COVID-19 vaccine doses. In addition to=
 registration and communication material=2C UNICEF has distributed vaccine=
s=2C syringes and safety boxes to all 34 provinces. To date=2C Afghanistan=
 has received 968=2C000 doses of the vaccine=2C enabling the vaccination o=
f some 484=2C000 people.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
<strong>Socio-economic impacts:</strong> The socio-economic impacts of COV=
ID-19 have translated into a dramatic deterioration in food insecurity wit=
h levels now similar to those seen during the 2018 drought. An estimated 1=
6.9 million people are in crisis or emergency levels of food insecurity th=
rough March. The current climate outlook is also worrying with reduced pre=
cipitation and higher temperatures potentially affecting farmers and pasto=
ralists=2C as well as water availability over the next few months. Food pr=
ices are already at elevated levels due to COVID-19 and are likely to incr=
ease further if the current weather patterns persist. According to WFP=E2=
=80=99s market monitoring=2C the average wheat flour price (low price and=
 high price) increased by 12 per cent between 14 March 2020 and the first=
 week of March 2021=2C while the cost of pulses=2C sugar=2C cooking oil an=
d rice (low quality) increased by 25 per cent=2C 21 per cent=2C 58 per cen=
t=2C and 21 per cent=2C respectively=2C over the same period. Sharp rises=
 over the last few weeks are thought to be connected with transport interr=
uptions in various part of the country. These price increases are accompan=
ied by declining purchasing power for casual labourers and pastoralists=
 =E2=80=93 which has deteriorated by almost 19 per cent and 20 per cent=2C=
 respectively (compared to 14 March 2020). These factors=2C combined with=
 COVID-19 related interruptions to informal employment and decreased remit=
tances=2C are driving people into crippling debt. Data from the 2020 Whole=
 of Afghanistan Assessment shows that the primary reason for taking on thi=
s debt last year was to pay for food (53 per cent).<br>
<br>
&nbsp;
<table cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"border-collapse: colla=
pse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%=
;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
=09<tbody>
=09=09<tr>
=09=09=09<td style=3D"background-color: #D6E7F9;padding: 15px;mso-line-hei=
ght-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100=
%;">
=09=09=09<div><strong><a href=3D"https://humanitarianresponse.us4.list-man=
age.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3D746a02504f&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%=
;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-weight: normal;text-de=
coration: underline;">In Afghanistan=E2=80=99s Fight Against COVID-19=2C W=
omen in Lab Coats Lead the Way - IOM (5 March 2021)</a></strong><br>
=09=09=09&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09KABUL =E2=80=93 In the last year the world has reckoned with the=
 sacrifice made by many health workers =E2=80=93 doctors=2C nurses=2C lab=
 technicians and others =E2=80=93 risking their lives daily to care for th=
e sick=2C as the COVID-19 pandemic claims millions of lives. Everywhere=2C=
 health workers on the front lines are at the highest risk of being expose=
d to COVID-19 infection=2C but=2C in Afghanistan=2C they face additional t=
hreats due to conflict=2C disaster and insecurity.&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09This has not dissuaded dozens of <a href=3D"https://humanitarianr=
esponse.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=
=3D778ef57f0f&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-=
text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-=
weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">women on IOM health teams</a>=
 from donning masks=2C gloves=2C and lab coats and going to work.&nbsp; Ev=
ery day.&nbsp; =E2=80=9CI know that the coronavirus disease is very danger=
ous for me and my family=2C=E2=80=9D said Dr Afsana=2C who works with IOM=
 in western Hirat province. =E2=80=9CBut I still come here to work for my=
 people because I am motivated to help those in need. There is simply nowh=
ere else they can go to be tested or receive care for this disease.=E2=80=
=9D&nbsp; Like hundreds of thousands of health-care workers across the wor=
ld=2C she contracted COVID-19 a few months ago. Luckily=2C she recovered a=
nd is now back on the front lines helping others.&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09Afsana serves as a doctor on one of IOM=E2=80=99s 18 Rapid Respon=
se Teams=2C which move throughout four of Afghanistan=E2=80=99s provinces=
 with the highest number of migrant returns from Iran and Pakistan=2C offe=
ring health-care services=2C COVID-19 sample collection and risk communica=
tion to curb the spread of transmission in underserved communities.&nbsp;=
 Among the people they serve are the over one million Afghans who have ret=
urned home from Pakistan or Iran during the past year.<br>
=09=09=09&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09Nooria=2C 24=2C screens returning Afghan migrants for COVID-19 at=
 IOM=E2=80=99s reception centre on the border with Pakistan. =E2=80=9CMost=
 people coming back from Pakistan do not have enough information about COV=
ID-19. We don=E2=80=99t want to scare them=2C but we screen them for sympt=
oms and provide the necessary information to keep them safe when they arri=
ve=2C=E2=80=9D explained Nooria. =E2=80=9CWe advise them to wash their han=
ds=2C keep physical distance from others and avoid crowded areas=2C which=
 can protect them and their families.=E2=80=9D&nbsp; =E2=80=9CThis is impo=
rtant for the safety of communities=2C because if one person is infected w=
ith COVID-19 and then continues their journey onward into Afghanistan=2C i=
t can put others at risk=2C=E2=80=9D Nooria added.&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09Many of the returning migrants have exhausted their savings and t=
aken on significant debt=2C just to get home. Often=2C health care is unaf=
fordable for returnees who find themselves settling in areas where the nea=
rest clinic may be dozens of kilometres away=2C and people internally disp=
laced by conflict or recurring annual climate events face similar barriers=
 to accessing care.&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09=E2=80=9CCOVID-19 is a really big problem in an informal settleme=
nt like this because many people are living in one room together=2C so iso=
lation or physical distancing is not possible. They don=E2=80=99t even hav=
e enough money to go to the hospital=E2=80=9D=2C explained Dr Rahima=2C a=
 doctor at IOM=E2=80=99s mobile health clinic in an informal settlement fo=
r internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Hirat province.<br>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09Ensuring gender parity on IOM=E2=80=99s health teams is crucial.=
 Women like Dr Rahima make up 50 per cent of IOM=E2=80=99s health-care tea=
ms and are at the core of IOM=E2=80=99s efforts to screen=2C educate and p=
revent the spread of the disease.&nbsp; =E2=80=9CWe continue to see a risi=
ng number of women coming to us for COVID-19 information and screening bec=
ause they are the ones staying home and taking responsibility for the heal=
th of their families=2C=E2=80=9D said Dr Salma at a health education sessi=
on she led at a women=E2=80=99s community meeting in an underserved rural=
 area on the outskirts of Hirat city.&nbsp; She notes that the pandemic ha=
s affected women differently. Particularly as they are more likely to cont=
ract the disease from family members. Many spend the majority of their tim=
e caring for loved ones at home staying indoors attending to large inter-g=
enerational families=2C in one- or two-room dwellings=2C and caring for th=
e elderly who tend to be more severely affected by the disease.&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09According to Dr Salma and other IOM health staff=2C most women in=
 Afghanistan are unable to seek care in facilities where only male medical=
 staff are present.&nbsp; =E2=80=9CWomen need to be central to the COVID-1=
9 response because other women trust us. We understand the culture and we=
 respect the confidentiality of women=E2=80=99s health issues and their hi=
stories=2C=E2=80=9D she explained.&nbsp; =E2=80=9CWomen would never go to=
 a male doctor due to cultural sensitivities. This is changing gradually=
=2C now that we have female staff with whom women can openly discuss their=
 health. We can go freely to their homes and they feel safe to speak with=
 us=2C=E2=80=9D added Dr Halima=2C who works in an IDP settlement in south=
-eastern Kandahar province=2C on the other side of the country.&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09Women like Rahima=2C Nooria=2C Halima=2C Salma and Afsana have pr=
ovided a lifeline to other women who have been typically left out of recei=
ving the most basic health services.&nbsp; These women also look forward t=
o the day when their influence will positively contribute to the roll-out=
 of COVID-19 vaccines=2C which have started to arrive in Afghanistan=2C to=
 ensure greater vaccine access and equitable distribution to those most in=
 need=2C including women and girls in the communities where they work.&nbs=
p; =E2=80=9CGetting the vaccine to places like these is extremely importan=
t=2C to people who live in poverty=2C who don=E2=80=99t have sanitation se=
rvices=2C who lack education; they need to be among the first in line=2C=
=E2=80=9D concluded Dr Rahima.&nbsp; Not only have they filled a glaring g=
ap in Afghanistan=E2=80=99s health response=2C but they also serve as role=
 models for younger women who aim to have a career in medicine.&nbsp; =E2=
=80=9CThe first thing women need to do to become leaders is to become educ=
ated=2C and then to be brave and have the courage to work. I=E2=80=99m ver=
y proud to have this duty and to serve my people=2C=E2=80=9D said Nooria.<=
/div>
=09=09=09</td>
=09=09</tr>
=09</tbody>
</table>
&nbsp;<br clear=3D"ALL">
<strong>Humanitarian Needs and Response Planning: </strong>The revised <a=
 href=3D"https://humanitarianresponse.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3D=
fe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3D83999187df&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-li=
ne-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjus=
t: 100%;color: #418fde;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;">Af=
ghanistan Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) for 2018- 2021</a> identifies 1=
8.4 million people in humanitarian need in 2021=2C as a result of COVID-19=
=2C ongoing conflict and natural disasters. Approximately six times the nu=
mber of people are in need of humanitarian assistance in 2021 compared to=
 four years ago when the multi-year HRP was first developed. The health an=
d socio-economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have seen the number of=
 people in need almost double in the past year alone. Afghanistan now has=
 the second highest number of people in emergency food insecurity in the w=
orld (5.5 million)=2C while nearly one in two children under-five will fac=
e acute malnutrition in 2021.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
Against this backdrop=2C the La Ni=C3=B1a event is causing below average p=
recipitation=2C thin snowpack and above average temperatures in most parts=
 of the country and it is expected that farmers and pastoralists will be n=
egatively affected=2C as well as water availability. Recognising the multi=
ple=2C overlapping challenges facing the people of Afghanistan as spring a=
pproaches =E2=80=93 including a potential La Ni=C3=B1a-driven drought=2C i=
ntensifying conflict=2C and ongoing COVID-19 challenges =E2=80=93 the ICCT=
 conducted a <a href=3D"https://humanitarianresponse.us4.list-manage.com/t=
rack/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3Dcfccd953c5&e=3D378d750ef4"=
 style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit=
-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-weight: normal;text-decoration=
: underline;">multi-sectoral analysis</a> of likely needs across highly-im=
pacted provinces. Carrying out a multi-dimensional analysis across these w=
ide-ranging indicators acknowledges that the environmental impacts of any=
 potential drought will collide with other pre-existing vulnerabilities=
 =E2=80=93 including COVID-19 =E2=80=93 impacting on people=E2=80=99s capa=
city to cope with new shocks and exacerbating existing humanitarian needs.=
 The intent of the plan is to highlight specific risks and the most urgent=
 needs facing at-risk provinces from March-June=2C as currently projected.=
<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<strong>Pipeline Tracking:</strong> The <a href=3D"https://humanitarianres=
ponse.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3D8=
97065ac9b&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text=
-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-weig=
ht: normal;text-decoration: underline;">Afghanistan ICCT Pipeline Tracking=
 Report</a> was published on 4 March 2021. Due to the ongoing impact of th=
e COVID-19 pandemic=2C many countries continue to be affected by global su=
pply shortages which may affect procurement lead times for key items. Huma=
nitarians emphasise the critical importance of maintaining a reliable flow=
 of traffic for humanitarian cargo and advocate for expedited movement of=
 humanitarian relief items through border crossings.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<strong>Contributions:</strong> <a href=3D"https://humanitarianresponse.us=
4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3D766902ed2=
d&e=3D378d750ef4" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-ad=
just: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #418fde;font-weight: norm=
al;text-decoration: underline;">The World Food Programme</a> in Afghanista=
n announced on 10 March that it has welcomed a contribution of US$12.9 mil=
lion from the Government of Japan towards WFP=E2=80=99s response for famil=
ies affected by the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<span style=3D"color:#427FBF"><strong>Cross Border:</strong></span><br>
<br>
<strong>Border Crossings:</strong> The Milak (Nimroz) and Islam Qala-Dogha=
roon (Hirat) crossings with Iran are officially open to commercial traffic=
 and movement of documented Afghanistan nationals. According to the Border=
 Monitoring Team of the Directorate of Refugees and Repatriation (DoRR)=2C=
 a total of 29=2C886 Afghanistan nationals returned from Iran through the=
 Milak and Islam Qala border crossing sites between 26 February and 4 Marc=
h. 13=2C137 people returned voluntarily and 16=2C749 were deported. Since=
 the start of the year=2C a historically significant influx of 163=2C527 p=
eople have returned to Afghanistan=2C sparking new concerns related to the=
 transmission of COVID-19 variants and overall absorption capacity of exis=
ting health resources.&nbsp; A sharp drop in remittances to Afghanistan ha=
s also been observed as well as the negative socio-economic impacts linked=
 to the return.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
Afghanistan=E2=80=99s border with Pakistan at Spin Boldak officially opene=
d on 21 August 2020 and at Torkham on 28 September 2020. As of 12 February=
 2021=2C Torkham gate will be open 6 days a week (Monday-Saturday). Sunday=
 is closed for pedestrians but will remain open for transit (24/7). Previo=
usly=2C Torkham border crossing was only open four days a week. Between 26=
 February and 4 March 2021=2C a total of 342 undocumented Afghans returned=
 from Pakistan through the Torkham and Spin Boldak borders. 304 people ret=
urned voluntarily and 38 were deported. Returns have been lower during the=
 colder winter months.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
<span style=3D"color:#427FBF"><strong>Operational Issues:</strong></span><=
br>
<br>
Commercial domestic flights are operating. The United Nations Humanitarian=
 Air Service (UNHAS) is flying domestically and has announced an increase=
 in the frequency of flights to five days per week as of 14 February. UNHA=
S will continue to support any required evacuation and relocation flights=
 during all days of the week.<br>
&nbsp;<br>
International commercial air travel continues with Air Arabia=2C Ariana Ai=
rlines=2C Kam Air=2C Emirates Airlines and Turkish Airlines providing roun=
d-trip international flight services to/from Kabul. Turkish Airlines has r=
esumed flights between Istanbul and Kabul five days a week in February=2C=
 with seven flights per week planned in March. Similarly=2C Turkish Airlin=
es will carry out one flight per week to Mazar-e-Sharif during February=2C=
 with three flights per week planned in March. Given the potential for air=
lines to change their flight schedules=2C passengers are encouraged to che=
ck with their airline for the latest advisories.<br>

                        </td>
                    </tr>
                </tbody></table>
=09=09=09=09

=09=09=09=09
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        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table><table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"1=
00%" class=3D"mcnDividerBlock" style=3D"min-width: 100%;border-collapse: c=
ollapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust:=
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    <tbody class=3D"mcnDividerBlockOuter">
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            <td class=3D"mcnDividerBlockInner" style=3D"min-width: 100%;pa=
dding: 30px 18px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;=
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                <table class=3D"mcnDividerContent" border=3D"0" cellpaddin=
g=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%" style=3D"min-width: 100%;border-t=
op: 1px solid #82B5E9;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-=
table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100=
%;">
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t-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
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            </td>
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</table><table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"1=
00%" class=3D"mcnTextBlock" style=3D"min-width: 100%;border-collapse: coll=
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t-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
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pacing=3D"0" style=3D"max-width: 100%;min-width: 100%;border-collapse: col=
lapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 10=
0%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" width=3D"100%" class=3D"mcnTextContent=
Container">
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=09=09=09=09

=09=09=09=09
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</table><table class=3D"mcnTextBlock" style=3D"min-width: 100%;border-coll=
apse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-a=
djust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" width=3D"100%" cellspacing=3D=
"0" cellpadding=3D"0" border=3D"0">
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            <td class=3D"mcnTextBlockInner" style=3D"padding-top: 9px;mso-=
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ust: 100%;" valign=3D"top">
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lapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-=
adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" class=3D"mcnTextContentConta=
iner" width=3D"100%" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" border=3D"0" alig=
n=3D"left">
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=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-=
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t: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
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ck/click?u=3Dfe0746c970b6af5b85b9a5ef4&id=3D53c2a1117d&e=3D378d750ef4" ta=
rget=3D"_blank" style=3D"mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjus=
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